Exam 2

Question 1

Domestication

Answer 1

We began producing our own food after thousands of years of hunting and gathering. All subsequent complex societies grew out of this innovation.

Question 2

Domestication of animals needs

Answer 2

constraint on the movement of the animals, regulation of their breeding, control of their feeding

Question 2

Why do people switch to agriculture?

Answer 2

Allows increase in carrying capacity (can support more people)
Changes types of plants growing in an area to those that people can eat
Converts plants people cannot eat, but domestic animals can, into meat, milk.

Question 2

Agriculture

Answer 2

The cultivation of domesticated plants and/or husbandry of domesticated animals.

Question 2

Oasis hypothesis

Answer 2

Plants, animals and people clustered at limited water sources, and domestication emerged from symbiotic relationships.

Question 2

Carrying capacity:

Answer 2

Ability of the environment to support life
Allows increase in stability of food resources

Question 3

Natural habitat hypothesis

Answer 3

Animals and plants are domesticated in the areas where they were found in the wild

Question 4

Population pressure hypothesis

Answer 4

Hunter-gatherers only switched to farming because of need for more resources

Question 5

Socials hypothesis

Answer 5

Some individuals seeking power used agriculture as a means of gaining food surpluses

Question 6

Holocene

Answer 6

(after pleistocene geological period): Warming trend, dramatic changes in climate and rainfall patterns (seasonality). Everything is more habitable

Question 7

Generalized hunter gatherers vs, complex hunter gatherers (affluent foragers)

Answer 7

Affluent foraging: Happened across an area where the environment was plentiful with food
Move less frequently than generalized hunter gatherers, food storage, more permanent settlements, more elaborate tools, social divisions, greater archeological visibility

Question 8

Neolithic

Answer 8

The period of time of early farmers with domesticated plants and animals and permanent village

Question 9

The Fertile crescent

Answer 9

Domestication of wheat,

Question 10

Tell

Answer 10

An artificial mound formed from the accumulated remains of people living on the same size for hundreds or thousands of years.
Ancient Jericho
Complicated tower system, plastered skulls

Question 11

Pastoralism

Answer 11

Social organization in which livestock raising is the main economic activity

Question 12

The three sisters

Answer 12

Corn, beans, and squash

Question 13

Pit house

Answer 13

Building that is commonly found in the southwest, partly dug into the ground. Being slightly underground was more cooling.

Question 14

Pueblo

Answer 14

A native american settlement of the southwestern US, often consisting of multistoried adobe houses joined together.

Question 15

Adobe

Answer 15

Clay used in building, sun dried bricks

Question 16

Kiva

Answer 16

A semi subterranean ceremonial room found at sites throughout the American Southwest