Exam 2

Question 1

difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary public health prevention efforts

Answer 1

1st: before it happens (seat belt, vaccination)
2nd: early diagnosis and prompt treatment before disease advances (cancer screening after pre-patho period)
3rd: rehabilitation/reeducation (taking meds)

Question 2

primary prevention of communicable diseases

Answer 2

ind: hand washing, condom use, cooking food
comm: chlorination, restaurant inspections, immunization, waste disposal

Question 3

secondary prevention of communicable diseases

Answer 3

ind: self-diagnosis/treatment (home remedies), antibiotics
comm: controlling/limiting epidemic, maintain records/investigate cases
* isolation, quarantine, disinfection

Question 4

tertiary prevention of communicable diseases

Answer 4

ind: recovery to full health, return to normal activity
comm: preventing recurrence of epidemic, burial of dead, reapplication of 1st and 2nd measures

Question 5

primary prevention of noncommunicable diseases

Answer 5

ind: education and knowledge of disease/health, eating properly, exercise, driving safety
comm: food and energy supplies, community services, education, employment, housing

Question 6

secondary prevention of noncommunicable diseases

Answer 6

ind: personal screenings (mammogram), regular checkups, pursuit of diagnosis and treatment
comm: mass screenings for chronic diseases, case-finding measures, adequate health personnel, equipment, and facilities

Question 7

tertiary prevention of noncommunicable diseases

Answer 7

ind: behavioral/lifestyle change, sticking to prescribed meds, following rehabilitation requirements
comm: emergency medical personnel, services, hospitals, surgeons, nurses, ambulances

Question 8

infants’ health, time point, morbidity, mortality

Answer 8

infants (birth - 1 yr): health depends on mother’s prenatal care, quality of delivery, environment after birth, nutrition, and immunization

morbidity: unintentional injuries, child maltreatment, infectious diseases
mortality: congenital abnormalities, preterm/low birth weight, SIDS

Question 9

children’s health, time point, morbidity, mortality

Answer 9

children (1 - 14 yr): health depends on family and environment

morbidity: unintentional injuries, child maltreatment, infectious diseases
mortality: unintentional injury (car crashes/no seat belt), congenital malformations, cancer

Question 10

adults’ health, time point, morbidity, mortality

Answer 10

adolescents and young adults (15 - 24 yr) and adults (25 - 64 yr): health depends on lifestyle and behavior

morbidity: communicable diseases like STDs (teens); obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular illnesses (adults)
mortality: unintentional injuries like car crashes DUI, homicide, and suicide (teens); cancers, heart disease, unintentional injuries (adults)

Question 11

elders’ health, time point, morbidity, mortality

Answer 11

a

Question 12

what are unintended pregnancies? how frequently occur? which population most occur?

Answer 12

unintended pregnancies: combination of mistimed (unideal time) and unwanted (completely unplanned)

frequency: ~1/2 pregnancies in US unintended, 40% of those abortion
population: teenagers/adolescents

Question 13

what is title V, population served?

Answer 13

Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) - dedicated to promoting and improving health of mothers and children and funds Title V

core public health goals pyramid (bottom-top):

infrastructure-building: needs assessment, evaluation, planning, policy development

population-based: screenings, immunization, counseling, education, nutrition

enabling: transportation, translation, education, health insurance, WIC

direct health care: health care services

Question 14

what is title X, population served?

Answer 14

family planning act - provides funds for family planning services for low-income people; providing contraceptive and other reproductive health care services like WIC and counseling services

Question 15

what is meant by “unintentional injury”?

Answer 15

injuries that were unplanned/unexpected

examples: car crashes, falls, fires and burns, drowning, poisonings

Question 16

what is the Coordinated School Health Program?

Answer 16

an organized set of policies, procedures, and activities designed to protect, promote, and improve the health and well-being of students and staff

involves:health school environment, counseling services, physical/health education, nutrition, family/community involvement

Question 17

what is a school health counsel?

Answer 17

individuals from a school or school district and its community who work together to provide advice and aspects of the school health program (should be diverse)

examples: nurses, clinics, administrators, teachers, and parents

Question 18

current trends of teenage tobacco use

Answer 18

CDC.gov, data and stats, youth and tobacco use (2011)

trends are declining in both middle and high school students ~400,000 young people become daily smokers each year

18. 1% high school students smoke
19. 3% of middle school students smoke

Question 19

what are planning model? why are they used?

Answer 19

a

Question 20

what is the Race and Health Initiative

Answer 20

a

Question 21

what types of racial and ethnic disparities exist between majority and minority populations in the US?

Answer 21

a