Exam 2 Flashcards
difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary public health prevention efforts
1st: before it happens (seat belt, vaccination)
2nd: early diagnosis and prompt treatment before disease advances (cancer screening after pre-patho period)
3rd: rehabilitation/reeducation (taking meds)
primary prevention of communicable diseases
ind: hand washing, condom use, cooking food
comm: chlorination, restaurant inspections, immunization, waste disposal
secondary prevention of communicable diseases
ind: self-diagnosis/treatment (home remedies), antibiotics
comm: controlling/limiting epidemic, maintain records/investigate cases
* isolation, quarantine, disinfection
tertiary prevention of communicable diseases
ind: recovery to full health, return to normal activity
comm: preventing recurrence of epidemic, burial of dead, reapplication of 1st and 2nd measures
primary prevention of noncommunicable diseases
ind: education and knowledge of disease/health, eating properly, exercise, driving safety
comm: food and energy supplies, community services, education, employment, housing
secondary prevention of noncommunicable diseases
ind: personal screenings (mammogram), regular checkups, pursuit of diagnosis and treatment
comm: mass screenings for chronic diseases, case-finding measures, adequate health personnel, equipment, and facilities
tertiary prevention of noncommunicable diseases
ind: behavioral/lifestyle change, sticking to prescribed meds, following rehabilitation requirements
comm: emergency medical personnel, services, hospitals, surgeons, nurses, ambulances
infants’ health, time point, morbidity, mortality
infants (birth - 1 yr): health depends on mother’s prenatal care, quality of delivery, environment after birth, nutrition, and immunization
morbidity: unintentional injuries, child maltreatment, infectious diseases
mortality: congenital abnormalities, preterm/low birth weight, SIDS
children’s health, time point, morbidity, mortality
children (1 - 14 yr): health depends on family and environment
morbidity: unintentional injuries, child maltreatment, infectious diseases
mortality: unintentional injury (car crashes/no seat belt), congenital malformations, cancer
adults’ health, time point, morbidity, mortality
adolescents and young adults (15 - 24 yr) and adults (25 - 64 yr): health depends on lifestyle and behavior
morbidity: communicable diseases like STDs (teens); obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular illnesses (adults)
mortality: unintentional injuries like car crashes DUI, homicide, and suicide (teens); cancers, heart disease, unintentional injuries (adults)
elders’ health, time point, morbidity, mortality
a
what are unintended pregnancies? how frequently occur? which population most occur?
unintended pregnancies: combination of mistimed (unideal time) and unwanted (completely unplanned)
frequency: ~1/2 pregnancies in US unintended, 40% of those abortion
population: teenagers/adolescents
what is title V, population served?
Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) - dedicated to promoting and improving health of mothers and children and funds Title V
core public health goals pyramid (bottom-top):
infrastructure-building: needs assessment, evaluation, planning, policy development
population-based: screenings, immunization, counseling, education, nutrition
enabling: transportation, translation, education, health insurance, WIC
direct health care: health care services
what is title X, population served?
family planning act - provides funds for family planning services for low-income people; providing contraceptive and other reproductive health care services like WIC and counseling services
what is meant by “unintentional injury”?
injuries that were unplanned/unexpected
examples: car crashes, falls, fires and burns, drowning, poisonings
what is the Coordinated School Health Program?
an organized set of policies, procedures, and activities designed to protect, promote, and improve the health and well-being of students and staff
involves:health school environment, counseling services, physical/health education, nutrition, family/community involvement
what is a school health counsel?
individuals from a school or school district and its community who work together to provide advice and aspects of the school health program (should be diverse)
examples: nurses, clinics, administrators, teachers, and parents
current trends of teenage tobacco use
CDC.gov, data and stats, youth and tobacco use (2011)
trends are declining in both middle and high school students ~400,000 young people become daily smokers each year
- 1% high school students smoke
- 3% of middle school students smoke
what are planning model? why are they used?
a
what is the Race and Health Initiative
a
what types of racial and ethnic disparities exist between majority and minority populations in the US?
a
