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PEDS > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the expected findings with Otitis media?

A

-Recent / hx of upper respiratory infection
-acute onset of changes in behavior
-frequent crying, irritability, fuzziness
-inconsolability
-tugging at the ear
-turning head side to side
-report of ear pain
-loss of appetite
-nausea and vomiting
-fever (can be up to 104 F)

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2
Q

Do you measure the head circumference for bacterial meningitis?

A

Yes, until the fontanels and sutures have closed (@18 months). Once they are closed, then you no longer need to measure since it cannot change.

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3
Q

What is Willebrand disease?

A

A bleeding disorder where von Willebrand factor (vWF) is not binding properly, so a child is more at risk for bleeding.

Epistaxis (nose bleeds), bruising, and bleeding after oral surgery are common

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4
Q

What nursing intervention should be done for a bloody nose, for a child who has Willebrand disease?

A

Apply pressure with the thumb and forefinger to the child’s nose for 20 minutes, then check for further bleeding

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5
Q

What is Pertussis?

A

“Whooping cough” - an acute respiratory disorder that has a whooping cough and copious secretions.

**greatest risk for severe disease or death in children under 1).

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6
Q

What type of precautions are used for pertussis?

A

droplet

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7
Q

S/S of pertussis

A

-common cold S/S
-severe coughing fits about 1-2 weeks after cold s/s
-violent rapid coughing
-loud “whooping” sounds upon inspiration

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8
Q

What kind of precautions are used for measles?

A

airborne

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9
Q

What is Pediculosis capitis?

A

Head lice

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10
Q

How many days can nits (head lice) hatch up to?

A

7-10 days

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11
Q

What do parents need to do for pediculosis capitis infestation?

A

Wash all clothing, bedding, and towels in HOT water.

-Anything that cannot be washed needs to be put in a sealed plastic bag for 10-14 days (jackets, seaters, hats, pillows, stuffed animals)

-furniture, carpets, and car seats need to be sprayed with over-the-counter products

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12
Q

How to apply ophthalmic ointment for child with bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Administer think line to conjunctival sac.

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13
Q

What is the most effective way to prevent transmission of influenza?

A

Hand washing

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14
Q

How is Hep A spread?

A

Through food contamination

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15
Q

What is botulism?

A

A neurotoxin that can cause flaccid paralysis within hours of exposure.

*typically happens through contaminated food

*Pt will have vomiting and diarrhea

**CDC must be notified

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16
Q

What is Malaria?

A

vector-borne illness spread through mosquito bites

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17
Q

What is lyme disease?

A

vector-borne disease spreads through the bite of an infected tick.

“ring-like” rash or bulls-eye rash with erythema

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18
Q

How do you treat eczema (dermatitis)?

A

topical corticosteroids

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19
Q

Nursing care for post tonsillectomy

A

-observe for hemorrhage (frequent swallowing)
-cold, clear liquids
-Avoid brown/red liquids

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20
Q

What is Hirschsprung disease?

A

A portion of the large intestine is lacking in ganglion cells.

This leads to a lack of peristalsis and accumulation of bowel contents

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21
Q

Interventions for Hirschsprung disease?

A

Two surgeries

First surgery leads to ostomy to relieve obstructed area so bowls rest.

Low fiber
High calorie and protein
Frequent abdominal measurement
Enema/irrigation

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22
Q

What is pyloric stenosis?

A

Narrowing and thickening of the pyloric canal between stomach and duodenum

23
Q

What is a major s/s of pyloric stenosis

A

projectile vomiting

24
Q

What are actions that can calm and soothe an infant with cleft lip

A

rocking motion

25
Q

What level of specific gravity indicated dehydration?

A

> 1.025

26
Q

How should infants and children with dehydration be treated?

A

1) oral rehydration (Pedialyte and infalyte)

2) low sodium solution next (water, milk, lactose-free formula)

27
Q

What is the most reliable indicator of fluid loss for infants and young children?

A

Body weight

28
Q

What is the normal range for hydration in children?

A

2mL / Kg / hr

29
Q

Where is McBurney’s point located?

A

RLQ

In-between navel and iliac crest

30
Q

What lab result indicated appendicitis

A

Elevated WBC

Normal is 5000-10000

*17,000 is elevated

31
Q

What are S/S of gastroesophageal reflux

A

vomiting
weight loss
wheezing

32
Q

What are S/S of gastrointestinal perforation ?

A

sudden sharp pain
rigid abdomen
declining peristalsis
progression to septicemia
hypovolemic shock

33
Q

What is nursing management for peptic ulcers

A

Understand priority actions
First, determine hematemesis (massive bleed)

34
Q

What is acute glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys (glomerulus).

Related to streptococcal infection and is treated by antibiotic therapy.

Check daily weight

35
Q

What needs to be monitored for glomerulonephritis?

A

monitor for fluid imbalance

36
Q

What is wilms’ tumor?

A

a neoplasm of the kidney.

It is an encapsulated tumor that can rupture with palpation

37
Q

What needs to be in a room for a pt with wilms tumor?

A

Sign that say “do not palpate abdomen”

38
Q

What needs to be monitored constantly in a pt with epiglottitis?

A

O2 levels

39
Q

What is epiglottitis?

A

inflammation of epiglottis

40
Q

What is a symptom of intussusception?

A

Jelly like stool

41
Q

What causes epiglottitis?

A

HIB

42
Q

What are S/S of epiglottitis?

A

Fever
Drooling (no cough)
position: Tripod
anxious/irritable
dysphagia
may not talk (or frog like voice)
Difficulty breathing

43
Q

What is Viral nasopharyngitis?

A

The common cold

44
Q

What are S/S of viral nasopharyngitis?

A

stuffy / runny nose
nasal discharge
cough
fever
may have sore throat
fatigue
watery eyes
loss of appetite

45
Q

What is laryngotracheobronchitis?

A

Croup

46
Q

What are S/S of laryngotracheobronchitis?

A

Bark-like or seal like cough
mild fever
stridor
increased resp effort

47
Q

What type of fluids after tonsillectomy?

A

clear and cold

48
Q

What are nursing implications in the management of a child with acute glomerulonephritis?

A

Daily weight
measure fluid balance

49
Q

what meds are given for acute glomerulonephritis?

A

antibiotics

50
Q

Best way not to spread influenza

A

wash hands

51
Q

What are findings with gastroesophageal reflux

A

vomiting, weight loss, wheezing

52
Q

What is an indication of a gastrointestinal perfortion?

A

Pain!! Bad/sharp pain

53
Q

What are the peak zones for asthma?

A

Green: 80% - 100%
Yellow: 50% - 80%
Red: <50%

54
Q

How to measure peak flow with meter

A

Pt should be standing
Needs 3 tests in a row
High rating is selected

PEDS (6 decks)

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