Exam 2

Question 1

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 1

Forms a scaffolding through the cytoplasm
Provided the cell with most of its strength/resilience
Helps cells keep from tearing
They bind to desmosomes

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Region between the nucleus and plasma membrane

Question 3

Cytosol

Answer 3

Fluid of the cytoplasm

Question 4

Organelles

Answer 4

Cellular organs/ machinery

Question 5

Cytoskeleton

Answer 5

Network of proteins that form a scaffolding and transportation

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

Looks like a kidney bean
Functions as powerhouse of the cell
Makes most of cells atp
Contains enzymes and hay break down carbs,amino acids, fats, and o2 to make ATP

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Tiny organelles made up of proteins and RNA’s
They decide rna nucleotide sequences to produce new protein molecules
Ribosomes are made in the nucleus and transported to the cytoplasm

Question 8

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

Lacks ribosomes (calcium)
Stores calcium ions (ca+2)
Ca2 is key to muscle cell contractions

Question 9

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Has ribosomes bound to its surface
Takes up newly made proteins( from ribosomes) and modifies and folds them it them packaged the new proteins in vesicles and the vesicles are delivered to the Golgi apparatus

Question 10

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 10

Resembles a stack of waffles
Takes new proteins from the rough er and places finishing touches/modifications on them. It then delivers new proteins to their function location within the cell or sends new proteins destined for extra cellular fluid in vesicles

Question 11

Lysosome

Answer 11

Special vesicles filled w digestive enzymes (enzymes that break down proteins, fats, nucleic acids) they fuse with old/worn out organelles causing them to breakdown
Broken down chemicals are recycled by the cell
They also fuse with vesicles derived from endocytosis

Question 12

Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

Three types of cytoskeletal elements/filaments
Microfilaments, intermediate, filaments, and microtubules

Question 13

Microfilaments

Answer 13

Proteins that form, a scaffolding just beneath the PM
They give a rise to the cell shape
They give a rise to the microvilli (tiny fingers that stick out from the cell)

Question 14

Epithelial tissues

Answer 14

Cells have two sides
Apical side - Faces away from the body of the Organ (faces the surface of the cavity)
Basal side - side that bound /attached to the organ

Question 15

Epithelial tissues

Answer 15

Found on the surface/covering organs
Found lining organ cavities and body cavities
Form the bodies of glands
Avascular (doesn’t have blood cells)
Innervated has nerves wire to it, has the ability to regenerate (can heal it self to certain extent)

Question 16

Chromatin

Answer 16

Made up of DNA bound to proteins during cell division, the chromatin packages tightly informs, rodlike chromosomes

Question 17

Nucleolus

Answer 17

The dark region of the nucleus where ribosomes are made

Question 18

Nuclear envelope

Answer 18

A.k.a. nuclear membrane
Lipid bilayer of phospholipids with large protein channels called “ nuclear pores”
Allows RNA, ribosomes, and certain proteins through

Question 19

Microtubules

Answer 19

Relatively large tube shaped proteins
Form transportation networks/railway within a cell
Forms Cilia and whip like microbule bundles that stick out of certain cells
Cilia moves mucus across the surface of cells

Question 20

Microtubules #2

Answer 20

Forms flagella: propeller like tail, found on the sperm cells
Form a mitotic spindle a.k.a. spindle fibers during the cell division
Chromosomes move along them

Question 21

Simple

Answer 21

Single layer of epithelial tissues

Question 22

Stratified

Answer 22

Multiple layer of epithelial tissues

Question 23

Pseudo stratified

Answer 23

Single layer is epithelial cells that appear multi layered at first glance

Question 24

Squamous cells

Answer 24

Flat tire like/fried egg shaped epithelial cells

Question 25

Cuboidal cells

Answer 25

Cube shape

Question 26

Columnar cells

Answer 26

Tall boxed shaped epithelial cells
Column shaped

Question 27

Histology

Answer 27

The study of tissues