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DMI 102: Med Term > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

a-

A

no, not, without

-atypical (not the usual)
-asymptomatic (without symptoms)
-afebrile (without a fever)

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2
Q

ab-

A

away from

-abduct (away from the midline)
-aberration (deviation from the normal)
-abnormal (away from the normal)

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3
Q

ad-

A

toward

-adduct (to move toward the midline)
-adlib (“as much as desired”)

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4
Q

an-

A

no, not, without

-analgesia (absence of sensitivity of pain)
-another (not “this one”)
-anacidity (lack of acidity)

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5
Q

ana-

A

upward, excessive, again

-anagensis (regeneration of tissue)
-anaplasia (the loss of normal differentiation of cells, as in tumor cells)
-anaphylactic (extreme sensitivity to a biologically foreign protein)

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6
Q

ante-

A

before in time or space

-antecubital (front of the elbow region)
-anteroom (smaller room before another room)
-antebellum (before the Civil War)

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7
Q

anti-

A

against

-antidote (treatment for poison)
-anti inflammatory (treatment for inflammation)
-antiemetic (treatment for nausea & vomiting)

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8
Q

bi-

A

two

-bicycle (having two wheels)
-bisection (cut into two)
-bitemporal (relating to both temples)

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9
Q

centi-

A

one hundred; one hundredth

-centimeter (1/100 of a meter)
-centiliter (1/100 of a liter)
-centipede (an insect with 100 legs)

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10
Q

circum-

A

around

-circumduction (to move in a circular motion)
-circumoral (around the mouth)
-circumscribe (confined within bounds, or having a well defined border)

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11
Q

contra-

A

against

-contraception (the prevention of pregnancy)
-contraindicated (condition that renders undesirable any medical or surgical treatment)
-contralateral (located on the opposite side)

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12
Q

de-

A

down, from, reversing

-decongestant (agent that reduces congestion or swelling)
-defect (malformation)
-defecation (removal of stool from the colon)

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13
Q

di-

A

two

-diarthric (of or relating two joints)
-diataxia (loss of muscular coordination on both sides of the body)
-dioxide (containing two atoms of oxygen per molecule)

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14
Q

dia-

A

through

-diameter (straight line passing through the center of a circle)
-diaphragm (any dividing membrane)
-diarrhea (abnormally frequent passage of loose stools)

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15
Q

diplo-

A

double

-diplococcus (any of the various spherical bacteria joined in pairs)
-diploid (having two sets of chromosomes)
-diplopia (double vision)

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16
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult

-dysmenorrhea (painful menstrual periods)
-dysphonia (difficult or painful speech)
-dystopic (out of place)

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17
Q

ecto-

A

out, without, away from

-ectoderm (outer most layer of the three germ layers of an embryo)
-ectopic (located in a place other than normal)
-ectogeny (the congenital absence of a part)

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18
Q

en-

A

inside

-enarthrodial (ball and socket joint; ball inside the socket)
-encephalic (inside the skull)
-enchondroma (a benign tumor composed of cartilaginous tissue and occurring within the bone)

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19
Q

end-

A

inside

-endartial (within an artery)
-endaural (within the ear)

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20
Q

endo-

A

inside

-endometrium (inner lining of the uterus)
-endoplasm (internal cytoplasm)
-endotracheal (within the trachea)

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21
Q

epi

A

above, on

-epicondyle (bony prominence above the condyles of bone)
-epidural (located above the dura mater)
-epithelium (nonvascular cellular layer that covers the internal and external surfaces of the body)

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22
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

-eugenics (science concerned with hereditary improvement)
-euphoria (a feeling of well being)
-eupena (good or normal breathing)

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23
Q

ex-

A

out, without, away from

-exhalation (to breath out)
-excrete (to eliminate waste material from the body)
-exhumation (the process of taking a body out of its place of burial)

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24
Q

exo-

A

out, without, away from

-exogeneous (originating outside the body)
-exoskeleton (external supportive covering of certain invertebrates)
-exostosis (growth out of a bone)

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25
Q

extra-

A

out, without, away from

-extracellular (outside the cell)
-extracranial (outside the skull)
-extrasensory (not visible to the human sense)

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26
Q

hemi-

A

half, partly

-hemianacusia (loss of hearing or deafness in one ear)
-hemicolectomy (removal of part/half of the colon)
-hemiplegia (paralysis on one side of the body)

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27
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, more than normal

-hyperactivity (excessively increased activity)
-hypercalcemia (abnormally high concentration of calcium in the blood)
-hypertension (abnormally high blood pressure)

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28
Q

hypo-

A

beneath, deficient, below normal

-hypocalcemia (abnormally low concentration of calcium in the blood)
-hypodermic (located or introduced into the layer beneath the skin)
-hypoglycemia (low level of blood sugar)

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29
Q

in-

A

not, inside, in

-infusion (to introduce fluid into a vessel)
-insufible (resistant to heat)
-ingestion (to introduce food, drink, or medicine into the stomach)

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30
Q

infra-

A

beneath, under

-infrapatellar (below the kneecap)
-infrasternal (below the breastbone)
-infrasplenic (located below the spleen)

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31
Q

inter-

A

between two separate things

-interatrial (between the two upper chambers of the heart)
-intercondylar (located between two condyles)
-interface (a surface for the boundary between two bodies)

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32
Q

intra-

A

within (the same thing)

-intramedullary (within the bone marrow or spinal cord)
-intramembranous (between layers of a membrane)
-intramuscular (within muscle tissue)

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33
Q

ipsi-

A

same

-ipsilateral (the same side)

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34
Q

macro-

A

large, enlarged, great

-macrocephalous (having an abnormally large head)
-macrodontia (having abnormally large teeth)
-macroscopic (visible to the eye)

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35
Q

mal-

A

bad

-malfunction (abnormally or inadequate function)
-malnutrition (faulty nutrition due to inadequate diet or to a metabolic abnormality)
-malocclusion (abnormal contract with opposing teeth)

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36
Q

medi-

A

middle

-medial (relating to the middle)
-median (central, situated in the middle)
-mediastinum (the central cavity of the chest)

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37
Q

medio-

A

middle

-medionecrosis (necrosis of the middle layer of an arterial wall)

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38
Q

mega-

A

large, enlarged, great

-megacolon (abnormally large colon)
-megamillions (lots of millions)
-megaesophagus (abnormally large esophagus)

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39
Q

megalo-

A

large, enlarged, great

-megalocystis (abnormally large bladder)
-megalomanina (a psychopathic condition in which an individual has unfounded conviction of his/her own great importance and power)
-megaloureter (abnormally dilated ureter)

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40
Q

meso-

A

middle

-mesoderm (the middle layer of embryonic cells)
-mesorrhine (having a nose of moderate width)
-Mesoamerica (central America)

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41
Q

meta-

A

beyond, change, next as in a series

-metacarpals (beyond the carpals)
-metatarsals (beyond the tarsals)
-metaphysic (beyond the physcial)

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42
Q

micro-

A

small

-microcephaly (abnormally small head)
-microgantheia (abnormally small jaw)
-microscopic (too small to be seen by the naked eye)

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43
Q

mid-

A

middle

-midline (middle of body)
-midsection (middle of an organ or part)
-midfoot (portion of the foot consisting of the navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms)

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44
Q

milli-

A

one thousandth

-milligram (1/1000 of a gram)
-millimeter (1/1000 of a meter)
-milliampere (1/1000 of an ampere)

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45
Q

mono-

A

one

-monogenous (produced asexually)
-monomorphic (having one shape, unchanging in size or form)
-monophasia (condition of having a vocabulary of one word or sentence)

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46
Q

multi-

A

many

-multicellular (composed of numerous cells)
-multilingual (capable of speaking many languages)
-multilobar (having many lobes)

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47
Q

nulli-

A

none

-nullify (to avoid, render useless, to end)
-nulligravida (a woman who has never been pregnant)
-nullipara (having never borne a child)

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48
Q

pan-

A

all

-pandemic (a diseases that spreads all over)
-pantheon (all the Gods of Ancient Rome theology)
-panorex (a dental tomo-radiograph of all of the teeth, upper and lower)

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49
Q

para-

A

near, beside, abnormal

-paramedical (adjunctive or related to the practice of medicine)
-paranasal (located near the nose)
-parathyroid (located near or on the thyroid gland)

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50
Q

per-

A

through, by

-percutaneous (having the ability to pass through the unbroken skin)
-permeability (allowing certain fluids or partible into or out of a cell)
-per os (by mouth)

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51
Q

peri-

A

around

-perianal (around or near the anus)
-periosteum (fibrous membrane covering of bone)
-perisynovial (around the membrane of a joint)

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52
Q

poly-

A

many

-polydactyly (having more than five fingers or toes)
-polynuclear (having more than one nucleus)
-polyplegia (paralysis of several muscles)

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53
Q

post-

A

after, behind

-postpartum (after giving birth)
-postoperative (after surgery)
-postmortem (pertaining or occurring after death)

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54
Q

pre-

A

before in time or place

-prefrontal (located in the anterior part of the frontal lobe of the brain)
-premature (before maturation)
-prenatal (before birth)

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55
Q

primi-

A

first

-primigravida (a woman in her first pregnancy)
-primitive (primary or embryonic)
-primia fasie (on first look)

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56
Q

pro-

A

for, favoring, supporting

-probability (likelihood)
-probiotic (enhancing the immune system)
-procreate (to produce offspring)

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57
Q

pseudo-

A

false

-pseudoaneurysm (appearing as an aneurysm, but is not an aneurysm)
-pseudocyst (appearing as a cyst, but is not a cyst)
-pseudoscience (appearing as a science, but is not a real science)

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58
Q

quad-

A

four

-quadrate (having four sides)
-quadrant (1/4 of a circle, 1/4 of a square)
-quadratus (square shaped muscles)

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59
Q

quadri-

A

four

-quadriceps (a muscle with four tendon heads)
-quadriplegia (paralysis of all four extremities)
-quadrisect (to cut into four sections)

60
Q

recto-

A

behind, backward

-retroflexion (the backward bending of an organ, e.g., uterus)
-retrograde (opposite of the normal flow/direction)
-retroperitoneal (behind the peritoneum)

61
Q

semi-

A

half, partly

-semiconscious (partly conscious)
-semiflexion (half way between flexion & extension)
-semilunar (half-moon shaped)

62
Q

sub-

A

beneath, below

-subcapital (below the head, as in the femoral head)
-subdural (below the dura mater meninges layer)
-substernal (below the sternum)

63
Q

super-

A

above, beyond, excessive

-supernumery (accessory or exceeding the normal number)
-superscript (character written above another, e.g., an exponent)
-supersonic (sound waves with a higher frequency that can be heard by a human)

64
Q

supra-

A

above, beyond, excessive

-supracostal (located above or over the ribs)
-suprahepatic (located above or over the liver)
-supraspinous (above a spine)

65
Q

sym-

A

joined together

-symbiosis (living together in intimate association of two dissimilar organisms)
-sympathy (expression of sorrow or compassion for another’s grief)
-symphysis (articulation in which two bones are united by fibrocartilage)

66
Q

syn-

A

joined together

-synchronism (simultaneous occurrence of two or more events)
-syndactyly (the partial or total webbing of fusion of two or more digits)
-synergy (cooperation of action, to produce an effect of which each individually is incapable)

67
Q

tachy-

A

fast

-tachycardia (fast heartrate)
-tachymeter (instrument used to measure speed)
-tachypenia (fast breathing)

68
Q

tetra-

A

four

-tetrad (a set of four related things)
-tetradactyl (having four fingers or toes)
-tetralogy (any series of four related elements, such as four concurrent defects)

69
Q

trans-

A

across

-transference (the shifting of symptoms from one part of the body to another)
-translucent (permitting light to pass through)
-transhepatic (across the liver)

70
Q

tri-

A

three

-tricycle (three wheels)
-triad (a group of three)
-tri-iodinated (having three iodine molecules)

71
Q

ultra-

A

excessive

-ultraconservative (excessively conservative)
-ultrasound (sound frequency higher than 20,000 vibrations per second)
-ultraviolet (invisible light radiation, on the spectrum between visible)

72
Q

uni-

A

one

-unicellular (one cell)
-uniform (consistent in form)
-unilateral (one side)

73
Q

Anatomical Position

A

-erect
-facing forward
-arms at sides
-palms outward

74
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides the body into left & right sections

75
Q

Midsagittal Plane

A

Divides the body into equal left & right sections

76
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Divides the body into front and back sections

77
Q

Midcoronal Plane

A

Divides the body into equal front and back sections

78
Q

Horizontal, Transverse, or Axial Plane

A

Divides the body into upper and lower sections

79
Q

Oblique Plane

A

Divides the body into sections whose planes are at least 1-degree from any of the just described planes; e.g., sagittal, coronal, or transverse

80
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

81
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

82
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

83
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

84
Q

Right Hypochondriac Region

A

Right upper side of stomach

85
Q

Epigastric

A

Middle top of stomach

86
Q

Left Hypochondrium

A

Left upper side of stomach

87
Q

Right lateral (lumbar)

A

Middle right of stomach

88
Q

Umbilical

A

Middle of stomach (belly button)

89
Q

Left lateral (lumbar)

A

Left middle of stomach

90
Q

Right inguinal (iliac)

A

Right lower stomach

91
Q

Hypogastric

A

Middle lower stomach

92
Q

Left Inguinal (Iliac)

A

Left lower stomach

93
Q

Body Habitus: Asthenic

A

Abnormally lean and tall

94
Q

Body Habitus: Hyposthenic

A

Tall and lean

95
Q

Body Habitus: Sthenic

A

Normal body type

96
Q

Body Habitus: Hypersthenic

A

Broad and large body type

97
Q

Recumbent

A

Lying down in any position; horizontal

98
Q

Erect

A

Sitting or standing upright; vertical

99
Q

Semi-Erect and Semi-Recumbent

A

Between supine and completely upright position

100
Q

Supine

A

Lying on one’s back; face up

101
Q

Prone

A

Lying on one’s abdomen; face down

102
Q

Fowler

A

Recumbent with head higher than the feet

103
Q

Trendelenburg

A

Recumbent with feet higher than the head; typically supine

104
Q

Sims

A

On one’s side with the left knee flexed and pulled toward the chest. Position for tipping enemas

105
Q

Lithotomy

A

Supine with knees/feet up in stirrups. Pelvic exam, GU exam, and birthing position

106
Q

Pronate (pronation)

A

To turn the palm of the hand downward. The hand in the palm down position.

107
Q

Supinate (Supination)

A

To turn the palm of the hand upward. The hand in the palm up position.

108
Q

Inversion

A

To turn the foot/ankle toward the midline-medially. Sole inward

109
Q

Eversion

A

To turn the foot/ankle away from the midline-laterally. Sole Outward

110
Q

Abduction

A

To move an appendage away from the body or the midline

111
Q

Adduction

A

To move an appendage toward the body or the midline

112
Q

Extend (extension)

A

To straighten or to move away from the point of attachment

113
Q

Flex (Flexion)

A

To bend or move toward the point of attachment

114
Q

Hyperextension

A

To straight beyond what is normal

115
Q

Hyperflexion

A

To bend beyond what is normal

116
Q

Circumduction

A

To move an appendage in a circular motion; the proximal joint acting a pivot

117
Q

Rotate

A

To turn an appendage on its axis; either medial (internally) or laterally (externally)

118
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Toward the front of the body

119
Q

Posterior (dorsum)

A

Toward the back of the body

120
Q

Cephalad

A

Toward the head; superiorly

121
Q

Caudad

A

Toward the feet; inferiorly

122
Q

Superior

A

Above; upward

123
Q

Inferior

A

Below; downward

124
Q

Central

A

Toward the core

125
Q

Peripheral

A

Toward the extremities; appendages

126
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

127
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

128
Q

Superficial

A

Toward the surface

129
Q

Deep

A

Beyond the surface-toward the center of core

130
Q

Distal

A

Farther or away from the point of attachment; often relative to the position of something else

131
Q

Proximal

A

Toward or closer to the point of attachment; often relative to the position of something else

132
Q

Internal

A

Inside

133
Q

External

A

Outside

134
Q

Parietal

A

The “wall” of an anatomical cavity

135
Q

Visceral

A

The organ

136
Q

Unilateral

A

One side

137
Q

Bilateral

A

Two sides

138
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side of body

139
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side of body

140
Q

Palmar or Volar

A

Palm side

141
Q

Dorsum

A

Back of the hand

142
Q

Thenar

A

The “fatty padded” area of the palm over 1st MC

143
Q

Hypothenar

A

The “fatty padded area of the palm over 4-5th MC

144
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of the foot

145
Q

Dorsum (Dorsal)

A

Top of the foot

DMI 102: Med Term (4 decks)

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