Exam #2 Flashcards
Base of support
Foundation on which a body rests or stands; when people stand, their feet and the space between the feet define the base of support
Biomechanics
A component of physics, the laws of the Newtonian mechanics, applied to living bodies at rest and in motion
Center of gravity
Hypothetical point around which all mass appears to be concentrated
Commonly attached medical equipment
Item clipped, fastened, or affixed to patient’s bodies to deliver substances, such as oxygen, medications, hydration, or nutrition, or drain away substances. Care must be taken when moving or positioning patients with these attachments.
Ergonomics
The study of a person’s efficiency in the working environment
Mobility muscles
Muscles that are found in the four extremities and designed for movement: ex- biceps femoris, biceps Brachii
Have long white tendons (white muscles)
Orthostatic hypotension
A sudden drop in blood pressure in the brain when a person stands up quickly from a sitting or supine position, causing the oxygen in the brain to drop and the person to become dizzy & prone to falling
Stability muscles
Muscles that support the torso and are designed to provide postural stability; thick red muscle bellies (red muscles)
Ex- latissimus dorsi, erector spinae
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder (WRMSD)
Injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, and spinal discs in which work environment and performance contribute significantly and/or the condition is made worse or persists longer due to work conditions
Ambulatory
Able to walk
Artifacts
Substances or structures not naturally present but of which appears on an image
Axial projection
Any projection not at right angles to the long axis of an anatomical structure (CR is at an angle)
Empathy
Recognition of and entering into the feelings of another person
Flexion
Act of bending or condition of being bent
Geriatric
Pertaining to the treatment of the aged
Immobilization
Act of rendering immovable
Neonates
Newborn infants
Pediatric
Pertaining to the branch of medicine that treats children
Plantar surface
Sole of the foot
Rapport
Relation of harmony and accord between two persons
Restraint
Hindrance of an action (movement)
Trauma
Wound or injury
What are the lifting principles?
- feet apart, hold patient’s center of gravity close to yours
- may need a transfer belt
- keep back stationary, avoid twisting, let legs do all the lifting
- inform patient on what’s going on
What are extra things to do when moving a patient?
- talk through steps
- let the patient assist as much as possible
- take extra moment to ensure patient is ready
- always roll patient toward you
What are commonly attached medical equipment?
- oxygen attached medical equipment
- urine bags
- post surgical drains
- intravenous lines
- central lines
How should you double check the patient has no medical equipment attached?
Look at chart, check under wheelchair, NEVER damage or hinder the equipment
How should we do cart transfers?
- must be wheeled as close as possible
- block wheels with sandbags
- if patient can assist with transfer, support body part involved
- low friction plastic sheet could be used to slide
- draw sheet can be used, needs numerous support/difficult for everyone involved
How should we always position a patient when doing wheelchair transfers?
Position so they transfer on their strong side
Steps for standby assist
- Move wheelchair feet
- Lock wheels
- “Sit on edge of wheelchair”
- “Push down on arms of chair”
- “Stand slowly, nose over toes”
- “Reach out, hold table with closest hand”
- “Turn slowly until you feel table behind”
- “Hold table with both hands”
- “Sit down”
Steps for assisted standing pivot transfer
- Move wheelchair feet
- Lock wheels
- “Sit on edge of wheelchair”
- “Push down on arms of chair”
- Bend knees, keep back straight, block patients lower extremities to support them
- Rise with patient
- “How are you feeling” take deep breaths if needed
- Pivot with patient toward table until patient feels it with back of thighs
- Ask patient to support themselves and sit down
- Gradually lower them on table, hinge motion
Steps for a two person lift
- Lock wheels, remove arm/leg rests
- Ask patient to cross arms over chest
- Stronger goes behind the person, reaches under patient axillae, and grasp patient’s crossed forearms
- Second person squats in front, cradles thighs and calves
- On command lift
Steps for hydraulic lift techniques
- prior arrangement made
- patient needs to arrive with sling
- adjust chain length to patient and hook
- check that release valve is closed and raise
- open release valve and lower gently
- guard patients head
- remove chains and be steady
- remove lift, leave sling
Describe how to image a spinal trauma
Most have cervical collar which is radiolucent, slide cassette under back
Describe how to image a head trauma
Cervical collar is radiolucent, move equipment to make up for lack of mobility, collar can be removed if approved by physician
Describe how to image a extremity trauma
- air splint: inflatable plastic cuff, radiolucent
- traction splint: exert steady force on the affected in pelvic/groin area, radiolucent
- anti shock garment: inflatable trousers, radiolucent
Radiation therapy
Custom immobilization, important to be still to prevent burning or further harm
What is important to know for geriatric patients?
- fear of falling makes security top priority
- go slow so they don’t get disoriented
- keep patient warm and offer extra blankets
- for comfort place a radiolucent pad on table and put something underneath knees if possible
What should we do with parents for pediatric patients?
Ask to wait outside, if needed to stand in tell them the importance of cooperation and understanding, ask them to help if needed to hold or etc.
What are restraints for peds patients
Sheet restraint: mummy wraps, ages 5 or less
Commercial restraint: - upright: pigg-o (clear, can cause artifacts due to plastic sides) positioning chair (adjustable back), ages 4 or less
- restraint boards: contour fitting pad, sponge, Velcro straps
Noncommercial restraint: - clever: immobilizes hands/feet/digits, plexiglass paddle applies light pressure to stop wiggling
-velcro strap/tape: do not leave abrasions
- stockinette: gauze pad, use tape to secure, won’t irritate skin
What are routine applications for immobilizing?
Positioning sponges
Stability bars
Velcro straps
Velcro strap restraints
Sand bags
Head clamp
Positioning sponges
Increase accuracy, get creative
Stability bars
Moves patient’s arms above their head and out of area of interest while providing stability, adjustable, use sitting or standing
Velcro straps
Stability and security, help maintain extreme movements, used for non cognizant patients (never leave alone)
Velcro strap restraints
Easily attached to imaging table, mainly used in cardio/vascular imaging to help patients not roll off table, can be compressions
Sand bags
Can obscure image, watch placement, get creative
Head clamp
Specific for skull imaging, positioning aids, ensures reduction of voluntary movement, ensure as reminder to stay still
