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Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

When do we asses vital signs? (5)

A

-On admission
-Any change in the health status
Immediately before and after surgery/invasive procedures
-Before giving certain medications
-Before and after nursing interventions that could affect vital signs

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2
Q

What are some factors that can affect vital signs?

A

-age
-gender
-race/hereditary
-medication
-exercise

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3
Q

Thermoregualtion deficiencies are common in what pts

A

Elderly and newborns

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4
Q

What may contribute to the development of hyperthermia ?

A

Exercise, activity and dehydration

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5
Q

When can you check for the highest and lowest temp

A

In the evening/night 8pm and 12mn

Early 4-6 am

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6
Q

Define body tempt and the various sites

A

It’s the balance between heat produced and heat loss from body

Oral recital axillary

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7
Q

What are some examples of contra indications for rectal thermometer

A

Recital surgery ,
new born ,
rectal bleeding,
cardiac disease or surgery ,
low wbc- neutropenia
low platelets count

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8
Q

Body temperature
Normal
Hypothermia
Hyperpyrexia

A

96.4-99.5
Below 96.4-
Hyperthermia- fever 100.8- 105.8
Greater than 105.8

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9
Q

What are some contraindications for oral temperature

A

Dyspnea
Unconsciously
Disorientation
Infants/children
Oral surgery
Oxygen mask
Within 15-30 min of drinking hot/cold , smoking chewing gum or candy

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10
Q

What’s the difference between febrile and a febrile

A

Fever vs non fever

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11
Q

What are the signs of fever?

A

Loss of appetite
Hot/dry skin
Thirst
Muscle aches
Fatigue
Respiration/pulse increase
Confusion in older adults
Imbalance in fluid/electrolytes

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12
Q

What are some interventions for pt with fever

A

Minitor temp /vitals
Check insensible water loss
Check level of consciousness
Monitor wbc, c &s lab values
Monitor inputs/outputs
Oral hygiene
Encourage fluid
Medicate with anitpyretics
Tepid sponge baths/cool packs
Monitor electrolytes

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13
Q

What are the 3 mechanism that involves hypothermia

A

Excessive heat loss
Inadequate heat production
Impairment of the hypothalamic thermoregulation

Heat loss from skin and respiratory tract

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14
Q

Signs of hypothermia ( body temp)

A

Decreased temperature
Severe shivering
Pale waxy skin
Increase bp ???
Disoriented
Drowsiness, lethargy coma
Poor muscle control
Decrease urinary output

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15
Q

What are some interventions for hypothermia

A

Monitor temp every 2 hrs
Administer blankets
Administer warming blankets as per md order
Admin warm fluids
Assess vitals frequently
Instruct pt to avoid extreme temperatures and dress adequately

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16
Q

What are the peripheral pulses

A

Temporal
Carotid
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Popiteal
Posterior tibial
Pedal ( dorsalis pedis )

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17
Q

What are the pulse and respiration parameters
Adult
Aged adult

A

60-100 (80
40-100( 70

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18
Q

Factors of tachycardia

A

Pain
Strong emotions
Anxiety
Exercise
Prolonged heat exposure
Decrease bp or volume
Medication

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19
Q

Factors that effect bradycardia

A

Slow pulse at rest
In general male have slower pulse rate than female
Found in athletes
Medication such as beta blockers
Hypothermia
During sleep

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20
Q

Tell me about digoxin

A

Digoxin
Classified: cardiac glycosides
Increased contractility with increase co
Monitor electrolytes
Monitor therapeutic drug level
Know signs and symptoms of toxicity

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21
Q

What’s included in the upper and lower respiratory (

A

Mouth nose pharynx larynx

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Pulmonory capillary
Pleural membranes

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22
Q

Oxygen transport

A

Transporter from the lungs to the tissues

97% of oxygen combines with hemoglobin in red blood cells and Carrie’s to tissues as oxyhemoglobin

Remaining oxygen is dissolved and transported in plasma and cells

( perfusion ? )

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23
Q

Carbon dioxide transport

A

Must be transported from the tissue to the lungs

Continually produced in the process of cell metabolism

65% is carried inside the red blood cells as bicarbonate

30% as catbheglobin

5% transported in solution in plasma and as carbonic acid

Diffusion ?

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24
Q

What’s the process of inspiration

A

Air flows into the lungs
Diaphragm and inter coastal contact
Thoracic cavity size increases
Volume of lungs increases
Intrapulmonary pressure decrease
Air rushes into the lungs to equalize pressure

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25
Q

Process of exhaling

A

Diaphragm and intercostals relax
Volunteer of lungs decrease
Intrapulmonary pressure rises
Air is expelled

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26
Q

Depth

A

Generally described as normal deep or shallow

Hypoventilation
Hyperventilation

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27
Q

Rhythm

A

The regularity of expiration
Normal rhythm is evenly spaced
Generally described as regular or irregular

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28
Q

Abnormal breathing patterns

A

Kussmsul’s breathing: blowing it puffing , deep rapid breathe ( metabolic acidosis blowing off co2

Cheyene strokes respiration: rhythmic waxing and waning of breaths from very deep to very shallow and temp apnea

Biot respiration: irregular, varying depths and rate followed by apnea

Hypercapnia: abnormal High level co2

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29
Q

Hypoxia ( oxygen)

A

Condition of insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body
Rapid pulse
E
Slid shallow respiration & dyspnea
Flaring of Nare’s
Cyanosis
Substernal or intercostal retractions

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30
Q

Obstructed or partially obstructed

A

Partial obstruction indicated by low pitch snoring during inhalation

Complete obstruction indicated by extreme inspiratory effort with no chest movement

Accessory to act “ use of accessory muscle can enhance lung expansion with oxygen drops ( copd)

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31
Q

COPD

A

Group of disorders characterized by impaired airflow in lungs

Asthma: bronchospasms , swelling of mucous membranes airway obstruction

Emphysema: inflammation of bronchial walls causes thickening and increased mucus

Chronic bronchitis: inflammation of bronchial walls causes thickening and increase mucus

Atelectasis: condition in which one or more areas in lungs have collapsed and can’t inflate properly

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32
Q

Nursing interventions to promote respiratory function

A

Ensure a patent airways
Positioning
Encourage deep breathing, coughing
Instruct pursed lip breathing or diaphragmatic breathing ( ob disease )

Adequate hydration
Assess vitals
Education: no smoking
Pain control
Ambulation
Monitor lab Val’s

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33
Q

How to promote respiratory functions

A

Medications ( nebulizer, steroids vaccines
Incentive spirometry
Chest pt
Postural drainage
Oxygen therapy
Artificial airway
Airway suctioning
Chest tubes

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34
Q

Meeting oxygen needs

A

Oxygen is considered a medication
No smoking
Avoid using oils in nasal area/body area
Avoid synthetic fabrics

Check flow meter rate
Nasal care
Humidication ( 4 or more l )
Check electrical equipment and make sure oxygen is attached to canister

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35
Q

Oxygen delivery system table

A

Nasal cannula : most commonly used
Simple mask
Partial rebreather
Nonrebreather mask: delivers highest concentration of oxygen

Venturi mask : most precious concentration of oxygen

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36
Q

What are some diagnostic test for oxygenation (6)

A

Pulse oximetry

Pulmonary function test:
Spirometer
Peak expiratory flow total lung capacity

Complete blood count ( cbc)
Arterial blood gas ( abg)
Chest radiography

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37
Q

What are the 3 physiological factors that influence blood pressure

A

Cardiac function / pumping of heart

Peripheral vascular resistance

Blood volume

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38
Q

Cardiac function
Stroke volume:
Cardiac output:

A

Stroke volume : quantity of blood flowing out of the left ventricles with each contraction

Cardiac output: the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

Co = sv times heart rate

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39
Q

Increase in co

A

The heart’s pumping action is strong and the volume of blood pumped into circulation increases

Condition that increase co causing increase bp
Increased blood volume as occurs during pregnancy, fluid retention

More forceful contraction of the ventricles as occurs during exercise

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40
Q

Decrease in co

A

The pumping action of the heart is weak
Less blood is pumped into the arteries

Causes decrease in bp
*conditions that decrease co include

Dehydration
Active bleeding
Damage to the heart

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41
Q

How does the vascular resistance effects the diastolic pressure causing increase in bp

A

Blood viscosity
Arterial size
Arterial compliance ( elasticity)

Blood volume :
Increase blood volume increase in blood pressure

Decrease blood volume decrease bp

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42
Q

Medications used for hypertension

A

Thiazide diuretics: hydrochloride (first line )
Loop diuretic: furosemide
Beta blockers: metoprolol
Ace inhibitors: enalapril ( first line )

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43
Q

What’s the difference between a drug and a medication

A

Any substance that positively or negatively alters physiologic functions

A drug specially administered for its therapeutic effect on physiologic function

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44
Q

Tell me about therapeutic

A

It cure, treatment or relief of symptoms diagnosis treatment and prevention of disease

Synthesized in the laboratory developed from plants mineral or animal sources

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45
Q

What do know about each medication

A

Generic name
Trade name
Route
Classified
Indication
Therapeutic action/goal

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46
Q

What is pharmacokinetics 4 phases

( Adem)

A

Metabolism: how it’s broken down,

Absorption : how will it get inside ( drug dose drug form, blood flow site and condition of absorbing surface )

Distribution: where will it go ( transport )
Excretion: how fast it leaves ( lungs gi breast milk saliva and feces )

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47
Q

Principles of med admin via gi tube

A

Elevate head of pt bed
Check placement , residual and patency
Use liquid meds when possible
When crushing meds ensure they are okay to be crushed ( no capsule or sustained release meds

After feuding mix one medication at a time with 15-30 ml of water and give each medication one at a time

Flush tube with 15-30 ml water before and after each administration

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48
Q

Most common route for parental injection

A

Sq
I’m
Intradermal
Intravenous

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49
Q

What are complications with distribution?

A

The availability can be limited by the body through barriers, blood /brain Barrier and placenta

Drug that binds with plasma protein can be prevented from immediately reaching tissue

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50
Q

Metabolism

A

Biotransformation of drugs
Mainly done by liver

Enzymatic effects cause drugs to be changed into a form more easy to excrete

P450 is one of the primary enzymatic pathways in the liver for drug transformations

First pass effect : most oral med experience this by going directly through propel circulation, inactivating much of a drug

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51
Q

Excretion

A

Process of removing the drug or it’s metabolites form body

Done primarily by kidneys
Renal impairment = decreased excretion of the medication and increase risk of toxicity

Poor kidney function requires low speeded of many meds

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52
Q

What is pharmacodynamic

A

The process by which drugs alter cell physiology and effect the body, these processes include:

Receptor agonist ( actives )
Receptors antagonist ( blocks)
Drug enzymatic actions

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53
Q

Therapeutic drug actions

A

Occurs by maintaining constant drug level in body

Half life : expected time for the blood concentration to measure one half of the original doe due to elimination

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54
Q

What is the therapeutic range

A

Serum level of concentration of the drug that produces desired effect without toxicity

Onset of action: time takes body to respond after administer

Peak : highest plasma concentration
Trough: lowest plasma concentration

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55
Q

Elder consideration

A

Altered memory
Decreased visual acuity
Decrease in renal function

Slow absorption from the gi
In creation proportion of fat to lean body mass
Decreased liver function decrease organ sensitivity
Altered quality of organ responsiveness
Decrease in manual dexterity

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56
Q

What are side effects vs adverse

A

Predictable but unwanted, sometimes unavoidable reactions to meds

Adverse : severe unwanted unpredictable drug reaction
May occur after 1 dose ( sever allergic response )
May occur over time ( eg anemia )
Allergic reaction: unpredictable immune response , rash hives runny nose

Anaphylactic reaction: severe allergic reaction and a medical emergency

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57
Q

Adverse drug cont.

A

Some can be predictable and manageable (side effects )

Others more serious allergy ( anaphylaxis) toxicity

Drug tolerance, drug to drug interactions and idiosyncratic effects are also possible adverse effect

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58
Q

Toxic effects:

A

Results form medication overdoes or buildup in the blood due to impaired metabolism and excretion

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59
Q

Medication interaction

A

Medication interaction is modified by the presence of another medication or food or herb

Synergistic: combined effect is greater than effect of each alone

Antagonist: drug effect is decreased when taken together greater poly pharmacy , greater herbal supplement

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60
Q

Signs of drug allergy

A

Rash
Urticaria
Fever
Diarrhea
Nausea
Vomiting

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61
Q

Original source of drugs

A

Plant
Animal
Minerals

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62
Q

Intradermal route :

A

Forearm, upper back, and scapular
Tb syringe
1 ml
5-15 degrees

Usually less than 0.5ml ( 0.01_ 0.1)

For allergy and skin sentivity

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63
Q

Sq route

A

Upper arm , abdomin, upper back and the upper dorsogluteal area

45-90 degree ( 1ml)

Syringe: 25 gauge 5/8 to needle ( no aspirating )

Heparin( 2 inch away from navel ) and insulin

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64
Q

What are the 2 types of carbohydrates

A

Simple : mono and disaccharides sugar
Complex : starch : bread rice pasta ( takes longer time to break down

65
Q

What are the macro and micro nutrients

A

Carbs protein fats
Water

Vitamins
Minerals
Water

66
Q

Where does the body store extra sugar

A

Liver

67
Q

How much percent of our body is made of water

A

60%

68
Q

How does water contribute to the overall health (5)

A

Regulates body temp
Excrete waste products
Digestion
Absorption
Transportation

Rda: 8-12

69
Q

What are the complete and incomplete protein

A

Complete : meat dairy products , egg ( animal based) plant base ( soybean)

Incomplete: lacking 1 or more amino acid, need to or more incomplete to make complete
Eg beans, peas, nuts, seeds and grains

70
Q

What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fact

A

Saturated us solied at room temp, fatty foods, bad bad , raises cholesterol serum

Unsaturated: good fat, liquid , lowers cholesterol serum
Mono: oils
Poly: corn, soybean , fish hearing

71
Q

Lab values for cholesterol

A

Good greater than 60
Bad is less than 100
Total is less than 200

Elevated levels = atherosclerosis

72
Q

What are the importance of proteins ?

A

Makes enzymes/hormones
Build muscle
Energy
Building block for amino acids

Must consume DAILY ( excess not stored

73
Q

What happens to amino acids in the liver ?

A

It gets recombined into new proteins

74
Q

Difference between catabolism vs anabolism

A

Breakdown of the complex substances into simpler ones = release energy

Synthesis simple substances into more complex substances = provide e gweh needed for tissue growth, maintence and repair

75
Q

What are the fat soluble and water soluble vitamins?

A

Adek ( stored)

Vitamin c , b ( cannot be stored)

76
Q

Most vitamins are active in the form of what?

A

Coenzymes

Classified at water or fat double

Absorbed through intestinal wall directly to bloodstream

77
Q

What are some examples of macrominerals and micro minerals

A

Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium

Iron zinc magnenses and iodine

78
Q

What vitamin helps to absorp iron?

A

Vitamin c

Iron is needed to make RBC
Takes on empty stomach

79
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bone weakening
1 in every 4 women over 60

Bone loss begins at 40
Menopause increase bone loss

Excercise and calcium intake for prevention

80
Q

What are some ways to boast immune system

A

Vitamin c d selenium zinc
Hydration
Probiotic foods
Colorful foods: lean protein
High fiber diet

81
Q

What’s the health weight standard

A

18.5 - 24.9

82
Q

What are some indication of poor nutritional standard / health problem

A

Albumin level
Significant intention and unintentional chnage is weight

83
Q

What does a clear diet consists of and what pt would it be appropriate for

A

Teas/coffee
Broth /jello
Short term

Provides sugar and fluid ( limit nutrients )

Reduce gi stimulation
Pt from surgery would get this diet

84
Q

Full liquid diet

A

Foods and liquid
Liquid at room temperatures ( ice cream and yogurt )
Short term , Low protein

Pt who are acutely I’ll
( post operative progression

85
Q

Soft diet

A

Minimum chewing
Provides more calories than full
Adequate in all nutrients

Individual with poor dentition , trouble breathing

86
Q

Dysphasia

A

Trouble swallowing
Diagnose by speech therapist

Need thick fluids ( avoid aspiration )

Thin
Nectar
Honey like
Spoon thick

87
Q

What is the dash diet

A

Approach dietary approach to stop hypertension

Low sodium and cholesterol

88
Q

What’s the restriction on a renal diet
(3 ps)

A

Potassium protein sodium , phosphorus

89
Q

What are some signs of malnutrition in pts

A

Brittle nails and hair , underweight , dry skin, strawberry tongue , red cracks at the sign of mouth

Overweight and underweight

90
Q

What are the two types of diabetes

A

( have mela ready for pt getting insulin )

Type 1 : need insulin injections
Type 2: oral hypoglycemic

High risk for blindness, renal failure, poor wound healing neuropathy

91
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Early symptoms: shakes headaches , feeling hungry

15/15 rule
Blood sugar less than 50, glucagon ( injection )

92
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Thirst
Increase urination
Change in mental status
Fruity breath
Vision disturbances

93
Q

Rule 15

A

1 tbs sugar or jelly
3-4 glucose tabs
4 oz of juice
5-6 oz of soda
7-8 gummy/life savers

94
Q

Diabetic lab Val’s

A

4- 5.6 ( normal )
Over 5.7 to 6.4 is at risk
6.5 and above is diabetic

Goal for diabeteic is 7 %
8-9% is poorly managed

95
Q

Anthropometric measurements

A

Height
Weight
Triceps skin fold

albumin, (3.5- 5.5) cholesterol ( good is over 60 , bad is less than 100,
, glucose ( 70-110)

Bun 7-20

creatinine male 0.6-1.2 female 0.5-1.1

Indirect measure of protein and fat stores

96
Q

What does the nasal intestinal tube avoid?

A

Potential gastric reflex
But cause dumping syndrome

97
Q

What pt benefits from peg tube

A

Comatose
Long term use
Minimize aspirations risk

98
Q

What is the preferred method for gastric feeding ?

A

Intermittent

99
Q

How often do we check residual ?

A

4-6 hrs
Goals is 50ml or less

Residual less or equal to 100 ml can be returned , may require further assessment

100
Q

Intramuscular route

A

( hormones vaccine and antibiotics)

Deltoid : 1ml ( 5’8 to 1 1/2)
Needle 1-1-12 inch 20-25 gauge
( 3 -4 fingers beneath acromial process )

Rectus femoris
Anterior aspect

Ventrogluteal 3ml
Gluteus medias 3ml
( finger on anterior superior illiact spine , spread middle finger along illiact crest

Hold skin taut

101
Q

What are some therapeutic measures to promote respiratory function

A

Pulse oximeter
Medication : steroid , nebulizer , mdis dpis
Incentive spirometer: help pt with respiratory disease and post op
Chest pt
Postural drainage: position and coughing to get out mucus

102
Q

What is onset of action?

A

Time it takes the body to respond after administer

103
Q

What does a high or low pulse indicate?

A
104
Q

What’s the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmakenetics?

A

Process in which the drug alter cell physiology and affect body

Refers to the effect the body has on the drug once the drug enters

105
Q

Assessing blood pressure?

A

Width 40% circumference of arm
Bladder should cover 2/3 of arm

Korotkoff sounds crescendoing 5 phases

106
Q

Oxygen requirement
Nasal cannula
Simple
Non rebreather
Venturi

A

1-6 l/min greater that 3 gets humidified

Never apply mask less than 5L/min ( risk of retaining co2 6-10 L/ min

Highest concentration, one way valve prevents rebreathing expired air from resolver bag 10-15L/ min

Venturi most precise , 4-6 L/min

107
Q

Pharmaceutical vs therapeutic class

A

Refers to the mechanism of action, physiologic effect and chemical structure of the drug

Clinical indication for the drug

108
Q

What is medication reconciliation?

A

The process of comparing a pt medication orders to all medications that the pt has been taking

Done every transition of care ( this include change in setting service practitioners to level of care

109
Q

What do we asses for in regards to meditation?

A

Prescribed vs otc
Herbs
Allergies
Vision
Swallow
Pregnancy and lactation status
Culture and lifestyle
Cognitive and sensory status
Head to toe assessment
Labs

110
Q

What are some nursing dianoses for med admin

A

Knowledge deficit
Ineffective therapeutic regimen management
Ineffective health maintenance
Dis tuned sensory perception
Impaired swallowing
Impaired me memory
Noncompliance

111
Q

Outcome identification

A

Client teaching needs
Purpose of the meds
Compliance with schedule
Instruct in self monitoring for side effects
Potentiometer for interaction form otc meds

Assess the support system client has at home for discharge planning

Physiological response to medication

112
Q

What are the assemble equipment

A

Medication card
Disposal medication cups/meds
Mar or computer printout
Pill crusher
Straw/drinking glass
Required syringes
Alcohol swabs
Gloves
Syringes disposal container

113
Q

What are some implementation

A

Observe asepsis
Provide pt privacy
Perform assemseent as indicated
Use critical thinking skills
Follow preparation procedures
Observe any special instructions for soeric meds
Consult drug guide as needed
Educate pt
Administer as directed, provide assistance to clients where necessary

114
Q

What does evaluation look like

A

Readers vital signs
Conduct appropriate follow up
Evaluate as an on going process
Report deviations from normal to the md

115
Q

3 step approach to pain meds

A

1-3 pain scale is non opioid with/without coanalgesic

Moderate 4-6 weak opioid with /without non Opiod

Severe is 7-10 strong opioid around the clock scheduled doses

116
Q

Opiod side Effects (8)

A

Respiratory depression
Sedation
N/v
Urinary retention
Blurred vision
Sexual dysfunction
Constipation
Pruitus

117
Q

Define drug dependence

A

Norma response that occurs with repeated admin of Opiod for 2 or more weeks,

Manifest by occurrence of withdrawal symptoms

118
Q

Define tolerance

A

Norman response that occurs with regular admin of Opiod and consists of decrease in one or more effect off the option ( sedation or analgesia )

Need more to have same effect

119
Q

Opiod addiction

A

Diseases influenced by genetic , physiological and environmental factors

120
Q

Hypotension vs hypertension

A

Hemorage /shock
Heart attack or heart failure, orthostatic bp age immobile , medication , dehydration

Symptoms: dizzy light headed

Primary or essential ( hypertension )
Secondary to another disease
Risk Factor for for stroke

Severe headache , Hight blood pressure fatigue

121
Q

Drug enzymatic action

A

Bind an act on their target cell with specificy

122
Q

Diabetic diet

A

Consistent carbs no concentrated sweets

123
Q

What are the cardiac drug?

A

Morphine
Oxygen
Nitroglycerin
Aspirin

Direct affect on respiration
Less than 12? Hold meds

124
Q

Oxygen meds

A

Bronchodilator: albuterol ( tachycardia)

Expectorant: make them cough up sputum , make sputum more mucus like

Suppressant: steroid, pretezone ( retain water

Nebulizer

125
Q

What’s the steps in making an medical error?

A

Check pt condition immediately
Notify the nurse manager and pcp
Report incident using hospital policy

126
Q

What are the pt expectation in administering self meds?

A

Know how and when to admin med
When to notify hcp
Expected and adverse effects

127
Q

What does macronutrients and micronutrients do?

A

Macro supple the body’s energy while micro regulate body processes

128
Q

BMR vs BMI

A

Energy required to carry out involuntary of the body at rest

The preferred method of ideal body weight for adults and children ( ratio of weight to height)

129
Q

What are the groups that have limited BMI

A

Athletes,
people with edema,
Dehydration
Older population with low muscle mass

130
Q

What are the calories per gram for carbs/ protein and fat

A

4/g 45-65% total cal for adults
4/g 10-35% of total cal for adults
9/g less than 10% should be saturated m

95% of fat in our diet ate from triglycerides

131
Q

What lab Val’s are good indicator of malnutrition

A

Bun : reflects protein intake and body’s ability to detoxify and excrete the metabolic byproducts

Creatinine: levels are directly proportional to body mass

132
Q

What’s the norm residual

A

Less than 10ml

Residual as much as 50ml may indicate upward displacement into the stomach

133
Q

Rapid distribution vs slow

A

Heart liver kidney and brain

Muscle skin and fat

134
Q

Therapeutic index

A

Is the ratio of its toxic level to the level that provides therapeutic benefits

135
Q

Lab Val’s for warfarin

A

On : 15.5- 30 sec ( pt)
Off: 11-13.5

Inr : on 2.3
Off: 0.8-1.1

136
Q

Hgb and htc%

A

Female 12-15 ( 36-44%)
Male 13.5 -16 ( 41-50 %)

137
Q

RBC vs wbc

A

4.5-5.5 mill

4.5-11 billion

138
Q

Heparin lab Vals

A

Normal ptt 30-40 sec
On : 45-100 seconds

139
Q

What lab Val indicate a pt at risk for diabetes

A

5.7- 6.4

140
Q

Absorption is determined by?

A

Route
Lipid solubility
Ph
Blood flow
Local contains at the site
Dosage

141
Q

Alt asl lab Val ?

A

7-56 units per L

10-40 United per L

142
Q

Carbs and fats rda

A

45/65 225-325 gm

25-35 cal ( recommend less than 10 %)

143
Q

Types of fever ?

A
144
Q

Intervention for bp

A

Dash diet
Weight loss
Na restriction and k supplements
Increase physical activity

145
Q

What should you do if you notice the pt does not have gag reflex

A

Put on npo diet , then notify health care

146
Q

How much inch do we insert for rectal temp

A

2.5 cm , 1 inch

147
Q

What do you do incase of pulse deficit

A

We would reassess, before hcp

148
Q

Tell me about nitroglycerin

A

It’s sublingual, dissolves quickly , it’s for angina ( chest pains )
You can take up to 3
If no change than emergency room could be progressing heart attach

149
Q

Phebetis, vs infiltration

A

Cool then warm compression

Use warm , elevate arm

150
Q

If temp is 101 what med would you give?

A

Teynol

151
Q

What lab Val would you check for antibiotics

A

Complete blood count

152
Q

When would you administer the humidifier

A

4L or more

153
Q

How often do you change the in bag?

A

Change back 24 hrs,

154
Q

Risk factors for hypertension

A

Smoking
Obesity
Sedative lifestyle

155
Q

What’s an early sign of dig

A

Bradycardia

156
Q

What position prevents aspiration

A

Sims position or side lying

157
Q

Opiod addiction risk factors

A

Genetic, psychological and environmental

158
Q

Purse lip breathing

A

Prolongs expiration

159
Q

For stroke
Be fast

A

Balance
Eyes
Face
Arm
Speech
T time

Nursing 101 (3 decks)

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