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Pbio > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Allopathy

A

the release of chemicals by certain plants that inhibit the growth of competing plants

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2
Q

Rhizome

A

a horizontal, underground stem

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3
Q

Tuber

A

An enlarged, fleshy, underground stem tip, such as the potato

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4
Q

Bulb (corms)

A

Vertical, underground stem with food-storing leaves, covered by papery leaves

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5
Q

Taproot

A

A relatively large primary root that gives rise to smaller lateral roots

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6
Q

Vascular system

A

contains xylem and phloem

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7
Q

xylem

A

the vascular tissue specialized for the conduction of water and minerals

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8
Q

phloem

A

a vascular tissue that conducts organic materials and sugar transportation

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9
Q

cortex

A

parenchymous tissue, the region between the epidermis and vascular tissue in a herbaceous root or stem

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10
Q

epidermis

A

outermost tissue in all young and non-woody plant organs

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11
Q

root hairs

A

a root epidermal cell that functions in water absorption

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12
Q

biennial

A

plant that completes its life cycle within two growing seasons ex. carrot

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13
Q

herbivore

A

an animal that eats plants

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14
Q

perennial

A

a plant that continues to live for an indefinite number of years

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15
Q

Node

A

The region of a stem where the leaves or branches arise

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16
Q

Alkaloid

A

effects the nervous system of animals
bitter taste from nitrogen
caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, morphine

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17
Q

Internode

A

Region on a stem between nodes

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18
Q

Aromatherapy

A

alternative approach to healing using essential oils extracted from plants

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19
Q

Gluten

A

protein found in wheat, rye, barley and spelt. Crucial in giving bread rise and chewy, elastic texture

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20
Q

Zein

A

corn protein could give a wheat-like dough, but bread still too flat and lacked dough strength.

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21
Q

Glycoside

A

sugar attached to an active compound

22
Q

Hypocotyl

A

region of a stem in a plant embryo that is below the cotyledons

23
Q

Radicle

A

an embryonic root found in the seed

24
Q

Codyledon

A

Seed leaf in the seed and seelding

25
Q

Antioxident

A

an organic substance such as vitamin E that counteracts the damaging effects of oxidation

26
Q

The genera of bacteria that form a symbiotic relationship with legumes

A

Rhyzobia

27
Q

Legumes and rhyzobia are considered to be in a MUTUALLY symbiotic relationship

A

legume acts as the host, and the rhyzobia acts as a provider of usable nitrate (through nitrogen fixation)

28
Q

Green Manure

A

young, uprooted plants that add organic matter and nutrients to the soil, the nutrients are utilized by the harvested crop

29
Q

Crop rotation

A

The process of growing different species in the same area in sequential seasons. Benefits soil by adding different nutrients (nitrogen), keeps away pests, increases soil fertility

30
Q

monoculture

A

Harvesting the same crop in same area for a large number of consecutive years. Benefit: large harvests with minimal labor. Disadvantage: Quick spread of disease

31
Q

How does growing legumes benefit farmers and decrease their amount of needed artificial fertilizer?

A

When a legume dies, its remaining nitrogen, incorporated into its amino acids, is released back into the soil, then the amino acids are converted into nitrate, then available to other plants

32
Q

What’s the difference between essential and nonessential amino acids?

A

essential amino acids have to be consumed in diet because your body cannot synthesize them. The nonessential amino acids can be produced in your body

33
Q

why is the peanut not a nut?

A

peanuts are legumes, with seeds that grow in pods. Nuts grow on trees

34
Q

George Washington Carver

A

Black man born to a slave mother. Wrote book about self-reliance. Major leader for African Americans

35
Q

First and second most common ingredients in processed food

A

high fructose corn syrup and corn starch

36
Q

Why is grass able to be cut over and over and keep growing?

A

They have intercalary growth of leaves. Grass is capable of cell division which allows for rapid growth

37
Q

Whats the difference and similarities between bulb, rhizome, tuber, and a root?

A

rhizome is a horizontal root underground or at the soils surface. A tuber is an enlarged underground stem tip like a potato. A bulb is an underground modified stem in monocots. They are all underground and edible and store energy

38
Q

Four ways to extract volatile oils

A
  1. distillation: steam
  2. solvent extraction: alcohol
  3. expression: squeezed out
  4. enfleurage: fat
39
Q

Anaerobic

A

oxygen free. good for nitrogen fixation

40
Q

water soluble vs fat soluble vitamins

A

water soluble vitamins are not stored in your body and must be replaced everyday. (C) Fat soluble vitamins are stored in your body in your liver & fat tissue and do not have to be eaten each day. When cooked they aren’t lost when cooked (D, A, K, E)

41
Q

taproot vs fibrous root

A

taproot is main root with small branching lateral roots (carrot) and fibrous root lacks a central root (grasses)

42
Q

difference btwn herbs and spices

A

herbs- cool, temperate areas, usually from leaves

spices- warm, tropical areas, from fruits & seeds

43
Q

2 most common ingredients in processed food

A

corn, soybean

44
Q

What is the plant that they isolated salicin from?

A

Willow Bark

45
Q

annual

A

lives through only one growing season.

46
Q

Cassava

A

known as tapioca. starchy. part of spurge family

47
Q

Ginko Biloba (leaf)

A

Relieves cough and asthma, increase circulation

48
Q

Snake Root

A

Originally for snake bites, soothing in tea, CNS blocks neurotransmitters resulting in relaxation of blood vessels

49
Q

Feverfew (leaves)

A

Headaches/migraines, arthritis, depression

50
Q

Yarrow

A

Anti cold and flu, anti-inflammatory, wound healing

51
Q

Catnip (leaves)

A

nepetalactone- for cats!

colds and flu
soothes nervous system
Calm upset stomach

52
Q

Pacific Yew Bark

A

Useful against ovarian and breast cancer
semi-synthetic drug from cultivated yews
still harvested in India and China
Similar to Periwinkle

Pbio (1 decks)

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