Exam 2 Flashcards
Which thoracic vertebrae are typical?
T2-T8
What are the upper typical thoracic vertebrae?
T2-T4
What are the lower typical vertebrae?
T5-T8
What causes the typical kyphosis curve?
Vertebral body height difference.
Posterior height 1-2mm greater than anterior height
Describe the width between left and right superior and inferior articular processes?
T2-T4:
Greater width between l/rsuperior articular process compared to l/r inferior articular process.
T5-T8:
L/R superior and inferior articular process are = in distance
What is the Pars interarticularis?
Region between superior and inferior articular processes at the laminae
What is the relation of the transverse process, transverse tubercle, and transverse costal facet?
Transverse processes end in the transverse tubercles, which support the
transverse costal facets
What is the aortic impression?
Flattened vertebral bodies on left side compared to right from superior view due to compression of superior and inferior epiphyseal rims before ossification.
What vertebral bodies are affected by the aortic impression?
T5-T8
Superior costal demifacet articulated with what part of the rib?
Inferior articular surface of the head of the rib
___________ articulates with the superior articular surface of the head of the rib.
Inferior costal demifacet
The inter articular crest of the head of the rib articulated with what?
Intervertebral disc
What are the costovertebral joint types?
Costotransverse joint-vertebral arch
Costcocentral joint-vertebral body
What is a costal demifacet?
The articulation of 1 rib with both vertebral bodies is a vertebral couple
What is the classification of a Costco central joint?
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial) joint
A typical thoracic vertebrae participates in ____ costocentral joints?
4
How many supporting ligaments does each costocentral joint contain?
3
What are the 4 costocentral joint surfaces?
L/R superior costal demifacet
L/R inferior costal demifacet
What are the 3 supporting ligaments of a costocentral joint?
Capsular ligament
Stellate/radiate ligament
Interarticular ligament
The capsular ligament is what type of joint?
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial)
Which ligament had a small contribution to anterior boundary of IVF?
Capsular ligament
What are the 4 structures that make up synovial joints?
Articular/fibrous capsule
Synovial membrane
Articular cartilage
Synovial fluid
The radiate/stellate ligament has how many regions?
3
Upper band
Middle band
Lower band
What is the job of the radiate/stellate ligament?
Connects head of rib to vertebral bodies and IVD in a vertebral couple
What is the job of the capsular ligament?
Stabilize joint
What is the job of the intra-articular ligament?
Connects the interarticular crest on head of rib with associated IVD
What are the synovial plane joint surfaces of a typical thoracic vertebrae?
2 superior costal demifacet
2 inferior costal demifacet
2 transverse costal facet
2 superior articular facet
2 inferior articular facet
How many synovaial plane joint surfaces are on a typical thoracic vertebrae?
10
What are the fibrous syndesmosis joint surfaces on a typical thoracic vertebrae?
4 w/ costocentral radiate ligaments
2 w/ anterior longitudinal ligament
2 w/ posterior longitudinal ligament
How many fibrous syndesmosis joint surfaces are on a typical thoracic vertebrae?
8
How many cartilaginous symphysis joints are on a typical thoracic vertebrae?
2 w/ intervertebral disc
What muscles attach to a typical thoracic spinous process?
Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, rhomboid major, serratus post sup, Splenius cervicis, Splenius capitis, spinalis thoracis, spinalis capitis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, rotator longus and brevis, and interspinalis
What ligaments attach to the typical thoracic spinous processes?
Interspinous and supraspinous
What muscles attach to a typical thoracic transverse process?
Longissimus thoracis, Longissimus cervicis, Longissimus capitis, senispinalis thoracis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidis, rotator longus and brevis, and intertransversarii
What ligaments attach to the typical thoracic transverse process?
Intertransverse, capsular costotransverse, superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, lateral costotransverse
What are the Atypical thoracic vertebrae?
T1, T9-T12
Describe the superior surface of T1?
Cervical like
Cup shaped
Uncinate process may be recognized into T3
Describe the inferior surface of T1
Thoracic like
Flattened; lacks lateral groove
Describe the lateral surface of T1.
Complete superior costal facet and inferior costal facet
T1 participates in ____costocentral joints classified as synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial)
4
T1’s transverse process has a ________ projection.
Posterolateral
T1 transverse process terminated in a ________
Transverse tubercle
T1 transverse costal facet participates in ___ costotransverse joints classified as synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial).
2
What are the supporting ligaments for T1/rib 1 costotransverse joint?
Inferior costotransverse ligament
Lateral costotransverse ligament
What ligaments attach to T1 Transverse Process?
Intertransverse
Capsular costotransverse
Superior costotransverse
Inferior costotransverse
Lateral costotransverse
Describe the atypical superior costal demifacets
•T1: superior costal facet; articulates with full head of rib 1
•T9: enlarged superior demifacet
• T10: enlarged demifacet
• T11: costal facet; below superior epiphyseal rim (closer to pedicle)
•T12: costal facet; on T12 pedicle
Describe the atypical thoracic inferior costal demifacet
● T1: lateral surface near bottom of vertebral body
● T9: (may be) absent
● T10: absent
● T11: absent
● T12: absent
What ligaments attach to all of the atypical spinous processes?
Interspinous and supraspinous
What muscles that are typical spinous process attachments do not attach at T9?
Spinalis thoracis, cervicis, and capitis
Semispinalis thoracis
What muscles that are typical spinous process attachments do not attach at T10?
Spinalis thoracis, cervicis, and capitis
Semispinalis thoracis
What muscles that are typical spinous process attachments do not attach at T11?
Semispinalis thoracis
What muscles that are typical spinous process attachments do not attach at T12?
Semispinalis thoracis
Study the atypicalxal thoracic attachments to transverse processes
Bc they’re not on here
What muscle is attached at T1 vertebral body?
Longus coli
Why is the longus coli muscle important?
Cervical flexor muscle
Counteracts lordosis related to weight of head and contraction of cervical muscles on posterior neck
Cervicogenic headaches may be caused by impaired strength of this muscle
What vertebra is prone to stress injuries?
T12
What is special about the T12 superior costal facet?
It lies entirely on the pedicle
T/F/ the transverse process of T12 has superior, inferior, and lateral tubercle?
True
What replaces the true transverse process on T12?
Tubercles
The superior tubercle on T12 is homologous to what structure of lumbar vertebrae?
Mammillary process
The inferior tubercle is homologous to what structure of the lumbar vertebrae?
Accessory process
The lateral tubercle of T12 represents what structure of the thoracic vertebra?
Transverse process
