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AMH 2020 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

NAACP

A

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; 1910
racial discrimination and prejudice
promote civil rights for blacks

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1
Q

Muckrakers

A

journalists

propelled Progressivism by exposing corruption, economic monopolies, and moral decay in American society.

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2
Q

New Nationalism

A

Roosevelt
1910 and 1912
strong federal government
regulate corporations, stabilize the economy, protect the weak, and restore social harmony.

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3
Q

Meat Inspection Act

A

obligated the government to monitor the quality and safety of meat being sold to American consumers

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4
Q

Federal Reserve Act

A

act that brought private banks and public authority together to regulate and strengthen the nation’s financial system.

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5
Q

New Freedom

A

Wilson’s reform program of 1912 that called for temporarily concentrating government power so as to dismantle the trusts and return America to 19th century conditions od competitive capitalism.

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6
Q

Article X

A

Covenant;
Treaty of Versailles
League of nations to undertake military actions against aggressor nations

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7
Q

Irreconcilables

A

14 Midwestern and western senators

opposed the treaty of Versailles

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8
Q

Teapot Dome

A

Albert Fall allowed oil tycoons access to government oil reserves in exchange for $400,000 in bribes

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9
Q

Immigration Act of 1924

A

Johnson-Reed Act; Limited immigration to the US to 165,000 per year
banned immigration from East and South Asia.

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10
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

The first great progressive leader on the national scene who changed the face of American politics and government; president in 1901 because of the assassination of McKinley

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11
Q

Progressivism

A

The first great wave of 20th century reform

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12
Q

Domestic reform

A

The response to the great abuses and social problems associated with industrialization and the concentration of wealth and power growing out of industrialization

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13
Q

The US response to global conflicts

A

WWI and WWII

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14
Q

Three great waves of reform:

A

Progressivism (TR & Wilson)
New Deal & Fair Deal (FDR & Truman)
New Frontier & Great Society (JFK & LBJ)

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15
Q

Problems defining progressivism:

A

It was non-partisan;
It existed in all sections of the country;
It existed at all levels of the government (local, state, national);
It was an attitude

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16
Q

Progressivism relies on:

A

Moralism & optimism;
Belief in science to improve society;
Emphasis on efficiency;
Liberal nationalism

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17
Q

Frederick W Taylor

A

Efficiency

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18
Q

Jefferson & Jackson

A

Liberal nationalism

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19
Q

Liberalism

A

Opposite of progressivism;

Don’t want government to become to strong

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20
Q

Dark side to progressivism

A

Belief in ordering society from above;
Darwinism & racism;
Birth control;
Eugenics

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21
Q

Eugenics

A

Science in improving the human race

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22
Q

Coal strike (1902)

A

Beginning of government taking control; TR made the mine owners reach an agreement

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23
Q

Northern securities case (1904)

A

Came to Supreme Court;
Sherman anti-trust act;
TR revised the Sherman act

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24
Q

Elkins act (1903)

A

Prohibited railroads giving rebates to big businesses - there are always economic interests behind reforms

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25
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

Initiated the greatest round of domestic reform legislation in American History;
Won presidency because he won the electoral college

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26
Q

William Howard Taft

A

Hand picked by TR;
Conservative;
Reformer

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27
Q

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

A

Dispute that broke out over conservation

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28
Q

16th amendment

A

Tax amendment;

Progressive movement

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29
Q

Conception of presidency

A

Has to be a party leader and a moral leader

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30
Q

Big three measures of early administration

A

Underwood-Simmons Tariff (1913)
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)

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31
Q

Later Significant measures of Early Administration

A

Establishment of Federal Trade Commission
Federal Highway Act (1916)
Adamson Act (1916)
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act (1916)

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32
Q

Adamson Act

A

Established an 8 hour work day for railroad workers

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33
Q

Consequences of WWI

A

Destruction of four great empires (German, Austria, Russian, Ottoman)
Communist takeover in Russia;
Rise of Hitler &Naziism;
Beginning of the end for British, French, and others in Africa and Asia;
Beginning of the middle eastern conflict between Jews and Arabs;
Merging of American and world history;
Discrediting of European traditions

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34
Q

June 28, 1914

A

Assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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35
Q

1914 attitude of the US

A

Progress, scientific advance

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36
Q

Great War year

A

1914

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37
Q

Schlieffen Plan (1914)

A

German military plan

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38
Q

First battle of the Marne (Sept 1914)

A

Key turning point in Great War!;

French and British stop German advance

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39
Q

How WWI was different

A

Numbers engaged
Firepower
Continuous war

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40
Q

Verdun

A

German offensive

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41
Q

Somme

A

British offensive

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42
Q

WWI key people

A

Wilson
William Jennings Bryan
Robert Lansing
Edward M House

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43
Q

Objectives of American neutrality

A

Protect national interests;

Stay out of the war

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44
Q

Neutral rights

A

The right of a neutral to conduct commerce with countries at war subject to certain restrictions (blockades, contraband)

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45
Q

Great dilemma of US neutrality policy

A

Conflict between two objectives

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46
Q

Lusitania

A

Many killed; resulted in diplomatic crisis

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47
Q

Election of 1916

A

Wilson v. Charles Evans Hughes

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48
Q

Wilson’s crusade ended in failure because:

A

Peace conference and the Senate’s rejection of the peace treaty

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49
Q

US declaration of WWI

A

April 1917

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50
Q

AEF

A

American Expeditionary Force

John Pershing

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51
Q

Fourteen Points!

A
  1. Open Diplomacy
  2. Freedom of the Seas
  3. Free Trade
  4. Reduction of Arms
  5. Adjustment of colonial claims
    6-13. Self Determination
  6. League of Nations
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52
Q

Self determination

A

The right of people or a nation to determine its own destiny

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53
Q

Liberal internationalism

A

One can achieve peace and stability through free trade, disarmament, and a powerful international peacekeeping organization.

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54
Q

What went wrong at Paris?

A

Specific elements of the treaty of Versailles (reparations)

General sense that it was not consistent with 14 points

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55
Q

Wilson’s problems at Paris

A 
Lack of leverage
Lack of US unity
Enthusiasm for league
Exaggerated hopes
Flaws in liberal program
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56
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A 
Did not live up to 14 points;
Article X (security)
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57
Q

Cultural reaction in 1920s

A 
Kkk
Nativism
Sacco-Vanzetti
Johnson-Reed
Fundamentalism
Scopes
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58
Q

Sacco-Vanzetti

A

Convicted and executed for murder

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59
Q

Scopes Trial

A

Evolution - teacher

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60
Q

Elements of an emerging modern America

A 
Social liberation (women's rights)
Mass communications
Consumerism
Automobile culture
Sports
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61
Q

Inflation

A

-1%

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62
Q

Unemployment

A

2-3%

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63
Q

Real wages

A

Up 26%

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64
Q

Per capita income

A

Up 37%

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65
Q

Inequities of the economic system

A

Mall distribution of wealth
Bad corporate structure
Weak banking system
Poor intelligence

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66
Q

Babe Ruth

A

Baseball

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67
Q

John Steinback

A

The Grapes of Wrath

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68
Q

Great Depression

A

Worst economic collapse;
Crisis of Confidence;
Crisis in traditional American values

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69
Q

American revolution years

A

1775-1815

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70
Q

Depression and WWII

A

1929-1945

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71
Q

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

A

New deal

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72
Q

Glass Steagall Banking Act

A

Bank reform

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73
Q

Revenue Act of 1935

A

Higher taxes on wealthy

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74
Q

NLRA

A

National Labor Relations Act
Wagner Act
Promotes unionization

75
Q

Social security act

A

Old age pensions

76
Q

Election of 1936

A

FDR v. Alf Landon

77
Q

FDR’s mistakes

A

Court packing plan (1937)
Attempt to purge southern democrats (1938)
Economic downturn (1938)

78
Q

Fair labor standards act (1938)

A

Minimum wage
Max work week (40 hours)
Prohibitions on child labor

79
Q

New Deal

A

Did NOT end Great Depression;
Preserved the basic American capitalist social economic order;
Made American version of the welfare state;
Changed America forever

80
Q

Democratic Party founded by:

A

Martin Van Buren & Andrew Jackson

81
Q

Old Democratic Party

A

White south and border states;
White ethnic groups (Irish);
Intellectuals &reformers

82
Q

New Democratic Party of FDR (1940)

A

Old party;
Organized labor;
African Americans

83
Q

Forces strengthening presidency

A

Domestic crisis
International crisis
Communications revolution

84
Q

Strengthened presidency

A

Leader in legislative process, determining economic policy, and foreign policy

85
Q

Supreme Court concerns in 1933

A

Limited government

Property rights

86
Q

Supreme courts concerns after 1937

A

Rights of defendants in criminal trials;
Racial discrimination;
Freedom of expression

87
Q

Old republican attitudes and values

A

Limited government
Individual responsibility
No government involvement
Good for business, good for America

88
Q

FDR & new deal attitudes and values

A

Government involvement
Minimum standard of living
Skeptical of business

89
Q

International crises posed by three powers:

A

Benito Mussolini (Italy), Hitler (Germany), Emperor Showa (Japan)

90
Q

Remilitarization of the Rhineland

91
Q

Annexation of Austria

92
Q

Sudentenland Crisis & Munich Conference

93
Q

Annexation of Czechoslovakia

94
Q

Nazi-Soviet Not-Aggression Pact

95
Q

German invasion of Poland & beginning of WWI

96
Q

Why didn’t the US stop Hitler?

A 
Runs against isolationism,
No interest in Europe,
Memory of WWI,
Anti-war movement, 
History repeats itself
97
Q

What was FDR thinking about foreign policy during 1930s?

A

Economic recovery took priority

98
Q

Neutrality acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937

A

No loans to warring countries,
No sales of arms and munitions,
No travel into war zones,
No American ships in war zones

99
Q

Flaws in isolationist position

A

Hitler is evil,
History does not repeat,
Japanese blunder

100
Q

Great reversal

A

German annexation of Czech,

German conquest of France

101
Q

FDR’s response

A 
Revision of neutrality legislation,
Aid to Britain,
Destroyers if bases deal with GB,
Lend lease,
Undeclared naval war
102
Q

Lend lease (1941)

A

Gave British military materials without having to pay

103
Q

What was FDR thinking on Dec 1, 1941?

A

Wanted declaration of war,

Providing aid to war without actually entering the war

104
Q

WWII in pacific

A

Pearl Harbor
Philippine islands
Malaya & Singapore
Dutch East Indies

105
Q

WWII turning points

A

Coral sea
Midway
Guadalcanal
Buna

106
Q

Coral sea

A

No one fires

107
Q

Guadalcanal

A

Japan couldn’t defend themselves against Americans

108
Q

Douglas MacArthur

A

New Guinea

109
Q

WWII in Europe

A 
Anti submarine war
North African campaign
Sicily & Italy
Strategic Bombing Campaign
Normandy
From Normandy to Germany
110
Q

Prohibition

A

Ban of sale of alcohol

111
Q

Hiroshima

A

August 6, 1945

112
Q

AAA

A

Agricultural Adjustment Administration

Promote economic recovery by reducing supply produced by farmers

113
Q

NRA

A

National Recovery Association

1933 attempt to promote economic recovery by decreasing production, limiting hours, etc

114
Q

WPA

A

Works progress administration

1935 relief agency that funded public art

115
Q

National Labor Relations act

A

Wagner Act

Have workers the right to join a union

116
Q

Social security act

A

Set up finds to take care of groups that could not take care of themselves

117
Q

Court-packing plan

A

1937 attempt by Roosevelt to appoint one new Supreme Court justice to prevent dismantling of the new deal.

118
Q

CIO

A

Committee for industrial organization

Organized the unskilled and semiskilled

119
Q

Good neighbor policy

A

Roosevelt’s policy that renounced the right for US to intervene in Latin American Affairs

120
Q

Fascism

A

Government that used terror and violence to suppress opposition

121
Q

Harlem Renaissance

A

1920s African american literary and artistic awakening linked to black culture

122
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

Dec 7, 1941

Japan attack on US base in Hawaii leading to WWII

123
Q

Underconsumptionism

A

Weakness in consumer demand caused depression

Lead to second new deal

124
Q

John J Pershing

A

Commander of AEF (American Expeditionary Force)

125
Q

Henry Cabot Lodge

A

Led campaign to reject Treaty of Versailles

126
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Worked with allied leaders in WWII

127
Q

Al Capone

A

Fortune from gambling during prohibition

128
Q

Marcus Garvey

A

Black nationalist

1920 movement calling for black separatism and self-sufficiency

129
Q

WEB Du Bois

A

NAACP

Race relations

130
Q

Charles Lindbergh

A

Fly solo across Atlantic

131
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

The Jungle

132
Q

Pure food and drug act

A

Part of prohibition

133
Q

Battle of the Meuse-Argonne

A

Americans, under control of John J Pershing, against Germans

WWI

134
Q

Reparations

A

Money lost from war

135
Q

Consumerism

A

The protection of the interests of consumers

136
Q

Hundred days

A 
March 9 - June 16, 1933
CCC
TVA
AAA
NRA
137
Q

Tehran Conference

A

Stalin, FDR, Churchill

Meeting with allied leaders

138
Q

Yalta Conference

A

FDR, Stalin, Churchill
Meeting at the end of WWII
Divide Europe

139
Q

Potsdam Conference

A

Stalin, FDR, Churchill

Post war plans

140
Q

Noted Negro Improvement Association

A

Marcus Garvey

141
Q

Axis

A

Germany, Italy, Japan

142
Q

F Scott Fitzgerald

143
Q

Ernest Hemingway

A

Iceberg theory

144
Q

Langston Hughes

A

Writer during Harlem Renaissance

145
Q

Harry Hopkins

A

FDR new deal:

WPA and lend lease

146
Q

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A

Prohibited war in matters of self defense

147
Q

Nye Committee

A

Studied the involvement of the US in WWI

148
Q

America First Committee

A

Non- interventionist pressure group against US entry into WWII

149
Q

Second front

A

British and American invasion of France to relieve pressure on the Soviet Union in the east

150
Q

Dust bowl

A

Drought driven plains that people were sent to during the Great Depression

151
Q

CCC

A

Civilian Conservation Corps

152
Q

TVA

A

Tennessee Valley Authority

153
Q

NIRA

A

National Industrial Recovery Act

154
Q

John Maynard Keynes

A

British

New deal deficit spending

155
Q

First new deal

A

Roosevelt
Fight depression
ABC acts

156
Q

Second new deal

A

More protection for labor unions

157
Q

Destroyers for bases

A

Roosevelt
Exchange US destroyers for Britain bases
Neutrality act

158
Q

Sussex pledge

A

German torpedo hit ship. Pledge to stop

159
Q

League of Nations

A

Wilson body that constituted the provision of the Versailles Treaty

160
Q

Protocols

A

Jewish plan for world domination

161
Q

Vladimir Lenin

A

Leader or Russian revolution and head of USSR

162
Q

George S Patton

163
Q

Louis Brandeis

A

American lawyer

Supreme Court

164
Q

Robert LaFollette

A

Presidential candidate 1924

165
Q

Al Smith

A

Presidential candidate in 1928

166
Q

Robert Lansing

A

Secretary of State under Wilson

167
Q

Charles Evans Hughes

A

Chief Justice in Supreme Court

168
Q

Zora Neale Hurston

A

Author during Harlem Renaissance

169
Q

Hal Mencken

A

Critic of American life and culture

170
Q

Gavrilo Princip

A

Assassinated Franz Ferdinand

171
Q

Henry ford

A

Automobiles

172
Q

Georgy Pyatakov

A

Russian revolution leader

173
Q

Leon Trotsky

A

Helped Lenin

174
Q

John T Flynn

A

Journalist

Opposed Roosevelt

175
Q

Battle of midway

A

American planes landed on Japanese fleet and defeated them

176
Q

Battle of Guatalcanal

A

Japanese lost to Americans in WWII

177
Q

Battle of Iwo Jima

A

Americans captures Iwo Jima from japan

178
Q

Battle of Okinawa

A

Operation iceberg

Lasted 82 days

179
Q

Battle of Normandy

A

Establishment of western allied forces

180
Q

Battle of the bulge

A

Attack from forest and caught allies by surprise

181
Q

Battle of Tarawa

A

Operation galvanic

182
Q

Battle of Stalingrad

A

Germany v. Soviet Union

183
Q

Battle of kasserine pass

A

During the Tunisia campaign

184
Q

Battle of Moscow (1941)

A

Napoleonic wars

185
Q

Battle of Britian

A

Bombardment of British cities

Luftwaffe

186
Q

Battle of France (1940)

A

Successful German invasion of France

AMH 2020 (2 decks)

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