Exam 2 Flashcards
0
Q
NAACP
A
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; 1910
racial discrimination and prejudice
promote civil rights for blacks
1
Q
Muckrakers
A
journalists
propelled Progressivism by exposing corruption, economic monopolies, and moral decay in American society.
2
Q
New Nationalism
A
Roosevelt
1910 and 1912
strong federal government
regulate corporations, stabilize the economy, protect the weak, and restore social harmony.
3
Q
Meat Inspection Act
A
obligated the government to monitor the quality and safety of meat being sold to American consumers
4
Q
Federal Reserve Act
A
act that brought private banks and public authority together to regulate and strengthen the nation’s financial system.
5
Q
New Freedom
A
Wilson’s reform program of 1912 that called for temporarily concentrating government power so as to dismantle the trusts and return America to 19th century conditions od competitive capitalism.
6
Q
Article X
A
Covenant;
Treaty of Versailles
League of nations to undertake military actions against aggressor nations
7
Q
Irreconcilables
A
14 Midwestern and western senators
opposed the treaty of Versailles
8
Q
Teapot Dome
A
Albert Fall allowed oil tycoons access to government oil reserves in exchange for $400,000 in bribes
9
Q
Immigration Act of 1924
A
Johnson-Reed Act; Limited immigration to the US to 165,000 per year
banned immigration from East and South Asia.
10
Q
Theodore Roosevelt
A
The first great progressive leader on the national scene who changed the face of American politics and government; president in 1901 because of the assassination of McKinley
11
Q
Progressivism
A
The first great wave of 20th century reform
12
Q
Domestic reform
A
The response to the great abuses and social problems associated with industrialization and the concentration of wealth and power growing out of industrialization
13
Q
The US response to global conflicts
A
WWI and WWII
14
Q
Three great waves of reform:
A
Progressivism (TR & Wilson)
New Deal & Fair Deal (FDR & Truman)
New Frontier & Great Society (JFK & LBJ)
15
Q
Problems defining progressivism:
A
It was non-partisan;
It existed in all sections of the country;
It existed at all levels of the government (local, state, national);
It was an attitude
16
Q
Progressivism relies on:
A
Moralism & optimism;
Belief in science to improve society;
Emphasis on efficiency;
Liberal nationalism
17
Q
Frederick W Taylor
A
Efficiency
18
Q
Jefferson & Jackson
A
Liberal nationalism
19
Q
Liberalism
A
Opposite of progressivism;
Don’t want government to become to strong
20
Q
Dark side to progressivism
A
Belief in ordering society from above;
Darwinism & racism;
Birth control;
Eugenics
21
Q
Eugenics
A
Science in improving the human race
22
Q
Coal strike (1902)
A
Beginning of government taking control; TR made the mine owners reach an agreement
23
Q
Northern securities case (1904)
A
Came to Supreme Court;
Sherman anti-trust act;
TR revised the Sherman act
24
Elkins act (1903)
Prohibited railroads giving rebates to big businesses - there are always economic interests behind reforms
25
Woodrow Wilson
Initiated the greatest round of domestic reform legislation in American History;
Won presidency because he won the electoral college
26
William Howard Taft
Hand picked by TR;
Conservative;
Reformer
27
Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
Dispute that broke out over conservation
28
16th amendment
Tax amendment;
| Progressive movement
29
Conception of presidency
Has to be a party leader and a moral leader
30
Big three measures of early administration
Underwood-Simmons Tariff (1913)
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)
31
Later Significant measures of Early Administration
Establishment of Federal Trade Commission
Federal Highway Act (1916)
Adamson Act (1916)
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act (1916)
32
Adamson Act
Established an 8 hour work day for railroad workers
33
Consequences of WWI
Destruction of four great empires (German, Austria, Russian, Ottoman)
Communist takeover in Russia;
Rise of Hitler &Naziism;
Beginning of the end for British, French, and others in Africa and Asia;
Beginning of the middle eastern conflict between Jews and Arabs;
Merging of American and world history;
Discrediting of European traditions
34
June 28, 1914
Assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
35
1914 attitude of the US
Progress, scientific advance
36
Great War year
1914
37
Schlieffen Plan (1914)
German military plan
38
First battle of the Marne (Sept 1914)
Key turning point in Great War!;
| French and British stop German advance
39
How WWI was different
Numbers engaged
Firepower
Continuous war
40
Verdun
German offensive
41
Somme
British offensive
42
WWI key people
Wilson
William Jennings Bryan
Robert Lansing
Edward M House
43
Objectives of American neutrality
Protect national interests;
| Stay out of the war
44
Neutral rights
The right of a neutral to conduct commerce with countries at war subject to certain restrictions (blockades, contraband)
45
Great dilemma of US neutrality policy
Conflict between two objectives
46
Lusitania
Many killed; resulted in diplomatic crisis
47
Election of 1916
Wilson v. Charles Evans Hughes
48
Wilson's crusade ended in failure because:
Peace conference and the Senate's rejection of the peace treaty
49
US declaration of WWI
April 1917
50
AEF
American Expeditionary Force
| John Pershing
51
Fourteen Points!
1. Open Diplomacy
2. Freedom of the Seas
3. Free Trade
4. Reduction of Arms
5. Adjustment of colonial claims
6-13. Self Determination
14. League of Nations
52
Self determination
The right of people or a nation to determine its own destiny
53
Liberal internationalism
One can achieve peace and stability through free trade, disarmament, and a powerful international peacekeeping organization.
54
What went wrong at Paris?
Specific elements of the treaty of Versailles (reparations)
| General sense that it was not consistent with 14 points
55
Wilson's problems at Paris
```
Lack of leverage
Lack of US unity
Enthusiasm for league
Exaggerated hopes
Flaws in liberal program
```
56
Treaty of Versailles
```
Did not live up to 14 points;
Article X (security)
```
57
Cultural reaction in 1920s
```
Kkk
Nativism
Sacco-Vanzetti
Johnson-Reed
Fundamentalism
Scopes
```
58
Sacco-Vanzetti
Convicted and executed for murder
59
Scopes Trial
Evolution - teacher
60
Elements of an emerging modern America
```
Social liberation (women's rights)
Mass communications
Consumerism
Automobile culture
Sports
```
61
Inflation
-1%
62
Unemployment
2-3%
63
Real wages
Up 26%
64
Per capita income
Up 37%
65
Inequities of the economic system
Mall distribution of wealth
Bad corporate structure
Weak banking system
Poor intelligence
66
Babe Ruth
Baseball
67
John Steinback
The Grapes of Wrath
68
Great Depression
Worst economic collapse;
Crisis of Confidence;
Crisis in traditional American values
69
American revolution years
1775-1815
70
Depression and WWII
1929-1945
71
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
New deal
72
Glass Steagall Banking Act
Bank reform
73
Revenue Act of 1935
Higher taxes on wealthy
74
NLRA
National Labor Relations Act
Wagner Act
Promotes unionization
75
Social security act
Old age pensions
76
Election of 1936
FDR v. Alf Landon
77
FDR's mistakes
Court packing plan (1937)
Attempt to purge southern democrats (1938)
Economic downturn (1938)
78
Fair labor standards act (1938)
Minimum wage
Max work week (40 hours)
Prohibitions on child labor
79
New Deal
Did NOT end Great Depression;
Preserved the basic American capitalist social economic order;
Made American version of the welfare state;
Changed America forever
80
Democratic Party founded by:
Martin Van Buren & Andrew Jackson
81
Old Democratic Party
White south and border states;
White ethnic groups (Irish);
Intellectuals &reformers
82
New Democratic Party of FDR (1940)
Old party;
Organized labor;
African Americans
83
Forces strengthening presidency
Domestic crisis
International crisis
Communications revolution
84
Strengthened presidency
Leader in legislative process, determining economic policy, and foreign policy
85
Supreme Court concerns in 1933
Limited government
| Property rights
86
Supreme courts concerns after 1937
Rights of defendants in criminal trials;
Racial discrimination;
Freedom of expression
87
Old republican attitudes and values
Limited government
Individual responsibility
No government involvement
Good for business, good for America
88
FDR & new deal attitudes and values
Government involvement
Minimum standard of living
Skeptical of business
89
International crises posed by three powers:
Benito Mussolini (Italy), Hitler (Germany), Emperor Showa (Japan)
90
Remilitarization of the Rhineland
1936
91
Annexation of Austria
1938
92
Sudentenland Crisis & Munich Conference
1938
93
Annexation of Czechoslovakia
1939
94
Nazi-Soviet Not-Aggression Pact
1939
95
German invasion of Poland & beginning of WWI
1939
96
Why didn't the US stop Hitler?
```
Runs against isolationism,
No interest in Europe,
Memory of WWI,
Anti-war movement,
History repeats itself
```
97
What was FDR thinking about foreign policy during 1930s?
Economic recovery took priority
98
Neutrality acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937
No loans to warring countries,
No sales of arms and munitions,
No travel into war zones,
No American ships in war zones
99
Flaws in isolationist position
Hitler is evil,
History does not repeat,
Japanese blunder
100
Great reversal
German annexation of Czech,
| German conquest of France
101
FDR's response
```
Revision of neutrality legislation,
Aid to Britain,
Destroyers if bases deal with GB,
Lend lease,
Undeclared naval war
```
102
Lend lease (1941)
Gave British military materials without having to pay
103
What was FDR thinking on Dec 1, 1941?
Wanted declaration of war,
| Providing aid to war without actually entering the war
104
WWII in pacific
Pearl Harbor
Philippine islands
Malaya & Singapore
Dutch East Indies
105
WWII turning points
Coral sea
Midway
Guadalcanal
Buna
106
Coral sea
No one fires
107
Guadalcanal
Japan couldn't defend themselves against Americans
108
Douglas MacArthur
New Guinea
109
WWII in Europe
```
Anti submarine war
North African campaign
Sicily & Italy
Strategic Bombing Campaign
Normandy
From Normandy to Germany
```
110
Prohibition
Ban of sale of alcohol
111
Hiroshima
August 6, 1945
112
AAA
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
| Promote economic recovery by reducing supply produced by farmers
113
NRA
National Recovery Association
| 1933 attempt to promote economic recovery by decreasing production, limiting hours, etc
114
WPA
Works progress administration
| 1935 relief agency that funded public art
115
National Labor Relations act
Wagner Act
| Have workers the right to join a union
116
Social security act
Set up finds to take care of groups that could not take care of themselves
117
Court-packing plan
1937 attempt by Roosevelt to appoint one new Supreme Court justice to prevent dismantling of the new deal.
118
CIO
Committee for industrial organization
| Organized the unskilled and semiskilled
119
Good neighbor policy
Roosevelt's policy that renounced the right for US to intervene in Latin American Affairs
120
Fascism
Government that used terror and violence to suppress opposition
121
Harlem Renaissance
1920s African american literary and artistic awakening linked to black culture
122
Pearl Harbor
Dec 7, 1941
| Japan attack on US base in Hawaii leading to WWII
123
Underconsumptionism
Weakness in consumer demand caused depression
| Lead to second new deal
124
John J Pershing
Commander of AEF (American Expeditionary Force)
125
Henry Cabot Lodge
Led campaign to reject Treaty of Versailles
126
Joseph Stalin
Worked with allied leaders in WWII
127
Al Capone
Fortune from gambling during prohibition
128
Marcus Garvey
Black nationalist
| 1920 movement calling for black separatism and self-sufficiency
129
WEB Du Bois
NAACP
| Race relations
130
Charles Lindbergh
Fly solo across Atlantic
131
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle
132
Pure food and drug act
Part of prohibition
133
Battle of the Meuse-Argonne
Americans, under control of John J Pershing, against Germans
| WWI
134
Reparations
Money lost from war
135
Consumerism
The protection of the interests of consumers
136
Hundred days
```
March 9 - June 16, 1933
CCC
TVA
AAA
NRA
```
137
Tehran Conference
Stalin, FDR, Churchill
| Meeting with allied leaders
138
Yalta Conference
FDR, Stalin, Churchill
Meeting at the end of WWII
Divide Europe
139
Potsdam Conference
Stalin, FDR, Churchill
| Post war plans
140
Noted Negro Improvement Association
Marcus Garvey
141
Axis
Germany, Italy, Japan
142
F Scott Fitzgerald
Jazz age
143
Ernest Hemingway
Iceberg theory
144
Langston Hughes
Writer during Harlem Renaissance
145
Harry Hopkins
FDR new deal:
| WPA and lend lease
146
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Prohibited war in matters of self defense
147
Nye Committee
Studied the involvement of the US in WWI
148
America First Committee
Non- interventionist pressure group against US entry into WWII
149
Second front
British and American invasion of France to relieve pressure on the Soviet Union in the east
150
Dust bowl
Drought driven plains that people were sent to during the Great Depression
151
CCC
Civilian Conservation Corps
152
TVA
Tennessee Valley Authority
153
NIRA
National Industrial Recovery Act
154
John Maynard Keynes
British
| New deal deficit spending
155
First new deal
Roosevelt
Fight depression
ABC acts
156
Second new deal
More protection for labor unions
157
Destroyers for bases
Roosevelt
Exchange US destroyers for Britain bases
Neutrality act
158
Sussex pledge
German torpedo hit ship. Pledge to stop
159
League of Nations
Wilson body that constituted the provision of the Versailles Treaty
160
Protocols
Jewish plan for world domination
161
Vladimir Lenin
Leader or Russian revolution and head of USSR
162
George S Patton
US army
163
Louis Brandeis
American lawyer
| Supreme Court
164
Robert LaFollette
Presidential candidate 1924
165
Al Smith
Presidential candidate in 1928
166
Robert Lansing
Secretary of State under Wilson
167
Charles Evans Hughes
Chief Justice in Supreme Court
168
Zora Neale Hurston
Author during Harlem Renaissance
169
Hal Mencken
Critic of American life and culture
170
Gavrilo Princip
Assassinated Franz Ferdinand
171
Henry ford
Automobiles
172
Georgy Pyatakov
Russian revolution leader
173
Leon Trotsky
Helped Lenin
174
John T Flynn
Journalist
| Opposed Roosevelt
175
Battle of midway
American planes landed on Japanese fleet and defeated them
176
Battle of Guatalcanal
Japanese lost to Americans in WWII
177
Battle of Iwo Jima
Americans captures Iwo Jima from japan
178
Battle of Okinawa
Operation iceberg
| Lasted 82 days
179
Battle of Normandy
Establishment of western allied forces
180
Battle of the bulge
Attack from forest and caught allies by surprise
181
Battle of Tarawa
Operation galvanic
182
Battle of Stalingrad
Germany v. Soviet Union
183
Battle of kasserine pass
During the Tunisia campaign
184
Battle of Moscow (1941)
Napoleonic wars
185
Battle of Britian
Bombardment of British cities
| Luftwaffe
186
Battle of France (1940)
Successful German invasion of France
