Exam #2

Question 1

What type of reproduction does mitosis use?

Answer 1

asexual reproduction

Question 2

What type of reproduction does meiosis use?

Answer 2

sexual reproduction

Question 3

in mitosis, are cells identical or different?

Answer 3

identical

Question 4

In meiosis, are cells genetically different or the same?

Answer 4

Genetically different daughter cells

Question 5

In mitosis, how many cell divisions are there?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

In mitosis, how many cells do you end up with after cell division?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

In meiosis, how many cell divisions are there?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

In meiosis, how many cells do you end up with after cell division?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

In mitosis does the chromosome number change?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

In meiosis does the chromosome number change?

Answer 10

yes, chromosome is halved

Question 11

What type of cell does mitosis produce?

Answer 11

somatic cells

Question 12

what type of cell does meiosis produce?

Answer 12

gametes

Question 13

is there pairing of homologues in mitosis?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

is there pairing of homologues in meiosis?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

What types of cells go through mitosis?

Answer 15

somatic cells

Question 16

What types of cells go through meiosis?

Answer 16

gametes

Question 17

what type of cell is a somatic cell?

Answer 17

diploid cell

Question 18

What type of cell is a gamete?

Answer 18

haploid cell

Question 19

What happens during the G1 phase?

Answer 19

periods of growth in which the cell prepares for the next phase

Question 20

what happens during the S phase?

Answer 20

Two double helices are formed and are known as sister chromatids

Question 21

What happens during the G2 phase?

Answer 21

periods of growth in which the cell prepares for the next phase which is cell division

Question 22

what are the two defining characteristics of stem cells

Answer 22

they can turn into any cell & self regenerating

Question 23

how are pluripotent and totipotent stem cells established in a lab?

Answer 23

they are derived from others

Question 24

What happens during early prophase

Answer 24

chromosomes are compacted & two cytoskeletal structures move towards opposite ends of the cell

Question 25

what happens during late prophase?

Answer 25

nuclear envelope breaks down. Microtubles attach to proteins.

Question 26

what happens during metaphase?

Answer 26

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell for equal distribution

Question 27

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 27

sister chromatids are separated & pulled to opposite ends of the cell

Question 28

What happens during telophase?

Answer 28

nuclear envelopes form around the teo sets of chromosomes.

Question 29

G0 phase

Answer 29

cells that never divide stay in this phase

Question 30

carcinogen

Answer 30

a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue. ex: cig

Question 31

what causes a cell to become cancerous?

Answer 31

Chemicals and radiation can damage genes. However, most mutations occur when the cell makes errors as it copies its genes.

Question 32

basic progression of cancer

Answer 32

It is now widely accepted that cancer is attributed to the accumulation of genetic alterations in cells.

1. proliferation
2. tumor formation
3. formation

Question 33

benign tumor

Answer 33

can be removed. is stationary and has not invaded tissue or bloodstream

Question 34

malignant tumor

Answer 34

has invaded bloodstream

Question 35

tumor suppressor gene

Answer 35

a suppressor gene that blocks unscheduled cell division

Question 36

proto-onco gene

Answer 36

a normal gene that has the potential to become an oncogene due to mutations.