Exam 2 Flashcards
Roe v. Wade
- The case happened in 1973
- Established the constitutional right to an abortion
- First trimester: decsion is soley the pregant persons
- Second trimester: the state and regulate but not outlaw abortions, has to be in the interest of the pregnats persons health
- Third Trimester: Fetus is viable State can regulate and outlaw abortions, unless it is needed to preserve the life or health of the pregant person
The Dobb’s Decision (Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Orginization)
- June of 2022
- Untill this case Supreme court agreed that abortion was a leagl right according to the constitution
- Liberty protected by the Due Process of the 14th amendment
- Overturned Roe and Casey
- Banned all abortind over 15 weeks except for medical emergencies
- Desion was heavilly influenced by outdated and sexist laws
Abortion
- No universal defition
- Terminating pregnancy
- Killing fetus
- Killing tge unborn child
- Termination with intention to kill
Quickening
At about 16 to 20 weeks of pregnancy, a pregnant woman’s experience of fetal movement inside her.
Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)
An abortion resulting from natural causes such as a birth defect or maternal injury.
Therapeutic abortion
Abortion performed to preserve the life or health of the mother.
Viability
The development stage when the fetus can survive outside the uterus.
Cloning
The asexual production of a genetically identical entity from an existing one.
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
The uniting of sperm and egg in a laboratory dish.
Direct-to-consumer genetic tests (benefits vs. concerns)
Pros
* Understand health risks
* Cheeper and more accesible
* Forensics
* Learn about family history
* More proactive about health
Cons
* Can be inaccurate
* Privacy
* False sense of security
Crispr/Cas9
A new technology that facilitates making specific changes in the DNA of a living organism
Gene-editing
the use of biotechnological techniques to make changes to specific DNA sequences in the genome of a living organism
Chromosome
A string-like, gene-containing molecule in the nucleus of a cell
Eugenics
The deliberate attempt to improve the genetic makeup of humans by manipulating reproduction
Gene
The fundamental unit of biological inheritance.
Gene therapy
The manipulation of someone’s genetic material to prevent or treat disease.
Genetic discrimination
The use of genetic information by employers, insurance companies, and others to discriminate against or stigmatize people.
Genetic testing
Procedures used to check for genetic disorders by looking for changes in a person’s DNA.
Genome
An organism’s entire complement of DNA.
Precision Medicine
Informed consent
The action of an autonomous, informed person agreeing to submit to medical treatment or experimentation.
Medical Futility
The alleged pointlessness or ineffectiveness of administering particular treatments.
Paternalism
The overriding of a person’s actions or decision-making for his, her, or their own good.
strong paternalism
The overriding of a person’s actions or choices although the patient is substantially autonomous.
weak paternalism
Paternalism directed at persons who cannot act autonomously or whose autonomy is greatly diminished.
confidentiality
An obligation or pledge of physicians, nurses, and others to keep secret the personal health information of patients unless they consent to disclosure.
right to privacy
The authority of persons to control who may possess and use information about themselves.
competence
The ability to render decisions about medical interventions.
therapeutic privilege
The withholding of relevant information from a patient when the physician believes disclosure would likely do harm.
clinical trial
A scientific study designed to systematically test a medical intervention in humans.
Euthanasia
Directly or indirectly bringing about the death of another person for that person’s sake.
Voluntary euthanasia
Euthanasia performed when competent patients voluntarily request or agree to it.
Involuntary euthanasia
Bringing about someone’s death against her will or without asking for her consent although she is competent to decide.
Nonvoluntary euthanasia
Euthanasia performed when patients are not competent to choose it for themselves and have not previously disclosed their preferences.
Passive euthanasia
Allowing someone to die by not doing something that would prolong life.
Physician-assisted suicide
A patient’s taking his or her own life with the of aid of a physician.
Active euthanasia
Performing an action that directly causes someone to die; “mercy killing.”
Two Components of Consciousness
Wakefulness
* Response to pain stimulus
* Awareness
Ability to think and perceive
* Corroditated activity
Brain Death
- Clinical and legal death
- Irreverable loss of all clinical brain fuction
- No universal tests to diagnose brain death
Coma
Neither awake or aware (usually no more that 2-3 weeks)
A vegitiative state
Awake but unawakre (reflex movements, not purposeful movements; NOT conscious; cannot experience pain
Persistent Vegestaie State
after one month of being in a vegetative state ; usually within 3-12 months
Locked-in State
being conscious but unable to move
Mininal Conscious State (MCS)
- showing possible signs of consciousness, but the degree of neurological functioning is insufficient for having a good cognitive/functional recovery
- some purposeful non-reflexive movements
- can perceive his/her pain and circumstances
- often fluctuate between the PVS and the MC
Advance Directive
making your medical wishes know
* Verbal instruction
* Living will
* Medical Directive
* Durable Power of Attorney
* Only come into effect when the patient is incopetent or can’t communitcate
* Gnerally refer to limiting , withdrawing or withholdin treatment
DNR (Do Not Resuscitate)
Do not resuscitate, instructions telling medical staff not to attempt to resusciates the patient if thier heart stops, no CPR.
