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phlebotomy > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

sclerosed veins is what?

A

veins that are hardened

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2
Q

What are thrombosed veins?

A

veins that are clotted?

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3
Q

if a patient has an adhesive allergy what should you do?

A

place a gauze over the site and let it sit for 15 min or have the patient apply pressure with a gauze over the site for 5 min.

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4
Q

what if a patient has an antiseptic allergy?

A

use an alternative antiseptic

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5
Q

what if a patient has a latex allergy?

A

use non latex equipment, (tourniquet, gloves, bandages)

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6
Q

what is it called when tiny red bumps rise from a tourniquet being too tight?

A

petechiae

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7
Q

what should you do if a hematoma begins to form?

A

discontinue draw and apply pressure for 2 mins, then provide a ice pack if it is large and swollen

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8
Q

what is iatrogenic anemia?

A

it is a type of anemia brought by blood loss from blood draws. if more than 10% of blood volume is drawn then it can threaten life. only draw minimum amount required.

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9
Q

what are the signs of inadvertent arterial puncture?

A

blood tubes filling quickly and a hematoma forms.

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10
Q

what is reflux of anticoagulant?

A

when blood enters back into the veins from collection tube.

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11
Q

what causes a collapsed vein?

A

when the tourniquet it too tight/too close to site of daw, the vacuum in the collection tube is too strong, or tourniquet is removed during too soon during draw (mainly in older people)

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12
Q

what are ways that a tube looses its vacuum?

A

the bevel of the needle is partially out of skin, or the tube is damaged.

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13
Q

what is hemoconcentration?

A

when blood concentration becomes high and can clot. this is due to the tourniquet being applied for too long.

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14
Q

what is hemolysis?

A

damage to RBCs

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15
Q

what is POCT

A

Point Of Care Testing, it is testing at the site of the patient with the use of movable devices and with results that can change the care for the patient.

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16
Q

what is TDM

A

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring is monitoring drug treatment to be effective without any toxicity to the patient.

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17
Q

why do we drug monitor?

A

we do this because all drug have a narrow therapeutic range. If above that range then the drug may be intoxicating the patient, If the drug dose is too low then it is not performing the needs we hope it would. All patients react differently to doses, so adjustments may be made to fit their need.

18
Q

what is the trough in TDM?

A

trough is the lowest level of a drug in the patients blood stream.

19
Q

why do we test for trough?

A

we test for trough because we want to view the effectiveness of the drug.

20
Q

what is the peak in TDM?

A

the peak is the level at which the drug is highest in the patients bloodstream

21
Q

why do we test for peak?

A

we test for peak because we want to make sure the drug is high enough to be effective but not too high to be toxic.

22
Q

what blood type is the universal donor?

A

type O-

23
Q

what blood type is the universal receiver?

A

type AB+

24
Q

what is bacteria in the blood called?

A

bacteremia

25
Q

what is septicemia?

A

when bacteria in the blood is replicating and causing disease symptoms

26
Q

what is the blood culture blood volume for new borns?

A

0.5-4mL

27
Q

what is the blood culture blood volume for children?

A

3-4mL

28
Q

what is the blood culture blood volume for adults?

A

8-10mL per bottle (aerobic and anaerobic)

29
Q

what is the purpose for glucose tolerance testing?

A

to evaluate how well a patient metabolizes glucose

30
Q

what is the hemoglobin range for males/

A

13.5 g/dL - 17.5 g/dL

31
Q

what is the hemoglobin range for women?

A

12.0 g/dL- 15.5 g/dL

32
Q

if hemoglobin level is low then the patient has?

A

anemia

33
Q

erythrocytosis is due to ..

A

too many red cells, meaning Hg levels are above normal.

34
Q

what does hematocrit measure?

A

it measures the volume of RBCs to the total blood volume.

35
Q

what is the normal hematocrit percentage for men?

A

40-54%

36
Q

what is the normal hematocrit percentage for women?

A

36-48%

37
Q

what are lancet/incision devices used for?

A

they are used for finger or heel punctures.

38
Q

what are microcollection containers/microtubes used for?

A

they are used for collecting capillary blood

39
Q

what concentration is higher in capillary blood?

A

glucose

40
Q

what concentration is lower in capillary blood?

A

total protein, calcium and potassium.

41
Q

what is the capillary order of draw?

A

blood gas specimens, edta specimens, other additive specimens, serum specimens.

phlebotomy (1 decks)

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