exam 2

Question 1

Of the 1 million species described, what percentage are beetles?

Answer 1

40%

Question 2

Which class of anthropods did insects evolve from?

Answer 2

Crustaccea

Question 3

Arrange the following orders phylogenically (Hemiptera, Blattodea, Zygentoma, Gryllolattodea

Answer 3

Zygentoma, Gryllolattodea, Blattodea, Hemiptera

Question 4

Does destroying a web hurt a spider?

Answer 4

Yes, but only if the species makes a we

Question 5

Which external anatomic structure allows you to most easily distinguish the difference between nematoceran, brachyceran and cyclorraphan flies?

Answer 5

Antennae

Question 6

When did holometabolous insects evolve?

Answer 6

Earliest fossils are from 328-318 MYA in the late Carboniferous.

Question 7

Which arthropods have the best visual acuity?

Answer 7

Jumping spiders in the family Salticidae

Question 8

Which evolved first in insects, the tracheae or the gills?

Answer 8

trachae

Question 9

List the ways termites can gain entry to your house?

Answer 9

• Through timbers that are in direct contact with soil.
• Through openings in stone foundations
• Through cracks in concrete foundations
• Steps are another common location for entry

Question 10

Syrphid fly

Answer 10

Hover flies, wasp mimics, and are beneficial

Question 11

Anthropophilic insect species

Answer 11

Human loving species like bedbugs, cockroaches, silverfish and houseflies

Question 12

What is a clade?

Answer 12

monophyletic groups that have relationships to each other.
A monophyletic group contains a hypothetical ancestor and all of its descendants

Question 13

German cockroach

Answer 13

Small roach. Can barely fly, most troublesome domestic pest. Eats meats, starches, sugars and fatty foods. May eat household items such as soap, glue and toothpaste. In famine conditions they turn cannibalistic.

Question 14

Chrysomelidae

Answer 14

leaf beetles

Question 15

Thelyphonida

Answer 15

Whip scorpions and vinegaroons

Question 16

Solpugidae (Solfugae)

Answer 16

Sun spiders, chelicerae work like scissors, used in cockfights in the Middle East and NorthAfrica.

Question 17

greenhead

Answer 17

Colloquial name for a type of South Jersey Tabanid (deerfly/horsefly)

Question 18

Tsetse fly

Answer 18

Large biting flies found in Africa between the Sahara and Khalahari deserts. Transmits trypanosomes which are parasitic protozoans which cause sleeping sickness

Question 19

Mexican bean beetle

Answer 19

Invasive insect pest controlled by parasites raised at the Beneficial Insect Lab

Question 20

Taxonomy

Answer 20

Science and practice of classification. Recognizes, describes and names species and puts them into a ranked and named system according to their evolutionary history

Question 21

Discuss the early non flight function of the insect wings. What were they used for before flight?

Answer 21

• Protection of the legs.
• Covers for the spiracles. Thermoregulation
• Sexual display
• Concealment - break up their outline.
• Predator avoidance by extension of an escape jump where they glided further.
• Aerodynamic function would only come about via enlargement of the wing.

Question 22

Atrax robustus

Answer 22

The dangerous Sydney funnel-web spider

Question 23

Scarabaeiform larva

Answer 23

“C” shaped beetle larva of family scarabaeidae

Question 24

Bot fly

Answer 24

Ectoparasite in the family Cuterebridae

Question 25

Lampyridae

Answer 25

Fireflies or lightning “bug”

Question 26

Biological control

Answer 26

Use of one organism to control or bring a pest organism back into balance with the ecosystem

Question 27

Mantophasmatodea

Answer 27

Heelwalkers & Gladiators, found alive in 2001; Are predators and are sort of a cross between amantid and a walking stick

Question 28

Discuss why we do not have dragonflies with 28 inch wingspans today but we did have giant insects in the Carboniferous and the Permian 275 to 300 million years ago.

Answer 28

With predatory birds on the wing, the need for maneuverability became a driving force in the evolution of flying insects, favoring smaller body size. Insects were larger before because they benefited from a surplus of oxygen in the Earths atmosphere, but small size today is due to limitations y the physical laws which govern gas transport along the trachea to the site of gas exchange.