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Parasitology exam 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Definitive Host

A

Host where parasite reaches sexual maturity

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2
Q

Intermediate host

A

required stage for parasite morphological change

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3
Q

Paratenic host

A

required stage with no morphological change in parasite, bridges trophic gap

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4
Q

Polyembryony

A

Hundred of stem cells in rediae (asexual reproduction)

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5
Q

Residual Effects

A

long lasting effects of infection

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6
Q

Altruism

A

behavior of an animal that benefits another at its own expense, metacercariae will sacrifice itself and not reproduce and doesnt encyst then migrates to the brain which changes behavior of the ant (zombie ant)

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7
Q

Bronchial escalator

A

Objects/parasites stuck in the bronchials and moved up through cilia

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8
Q

Hyperparasitism

A
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9
Q

Littoral Zone

A

Portion of water closest to the shore, sun is able to reach the bottom

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10
Q

Hypolimnion

A

Bottom of body of water, more O2 concentration

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11
Q

Thermocline

A

2nd layer of water which is colder and more O2 concentration

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12
Q

Cultural Eutrophication

A

occurs when human water pollution speeds up the aging process by introducing sewage, detergents, fertilizers, and other nutrient sources into the ecosystem, example: japan rice fields, changes to horses instead of cows

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13
Q

Prevalence

A

% of infected hosts

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14
Q

Intensity

A

of worms per infected host

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15
Q

Abundance

A

of parasites/ # of hosts

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16
Q

Auto-infection

A

Transfer of life cycle stage from one site to another in the same host accompanied by morphological change

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17
Q

Autogenic life cycle

A

all host restricted to single body of water (fish)

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18
Q

Allogenic life cycle

A

@ least one host can move between bodies of water (frog)

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19
Q

Hot spot

A

high biodiversity

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20
Q

Gynecophoric canal

A

groove where females attach in males (Strigeiformes)

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21
Q

Schistosomula

A

Cercariae lose tail instead of encysting in the blood stream (Schistosomatidae)

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22
Q

Delayed hypersensitivity

A

Immune system attacks SEA, allows egg to escape vessel, makes it easier to get rid of egg if moved into the intestine into feces

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23
Q

Soluble egg antigen

A

activate T cells and immune response, toxic for parasite, stimulates TNF release

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24
Q

TNF-a

A

Tumor necrosis factor

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25
Q

Concomitant immunity

A

prevents hyper infection, host attacks parasite, host attacks incoming cercariae

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26
Q

Granuloma

A

Cluster of WBC’s, muscle contraction in intestine/bladder, move eggs, released in feces or urine

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27
Q

Katayama fever

A

fever in response to schistosomatidae species, acute schistosomiasis, happens when SEA is released

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28
Q

Swimmers itch

A

Cercavial dermatitis (schistosomatidae)

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29
Q

Neascus

A

U. ambloplitis, encyst and cause immune response to encapsulate, black spot disease,

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30
Q

Trans-mammilary transfer

A

Infection through breast milk, mother to child

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31
Q

Mesocercaria

A

Free swimming cercariae without tail, inside a paratenic host and leads to a multiple possible next host

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32
Q

Diplostomum

A

“two mouth” flatworms, holostomes split body flukes

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33
Q

The dilution effect

A

increased biodiversity decrease disease risk

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34
Q

Trematode oral sucker

A

help attach to host tissue

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35
Q

Trematode pharynx and esophogus

A

digestive system

36
Q

Trematode vitellaria

A

contain yolk protein which is nutrients for embryo, egg shell protein, form hardened shell around egg

37
Q

Trematode ovary

A

ova produced and moves to oviduct

38
Q

Trematode excretory bladder

A

flame cells/stem cells

39
Q

Trematode testes

A

sperm live there and cirrus sac

40
Q

Trematode gonopore

A

eggs pushed out

41
Q

Trematode life cycle

A

Adult
Egg
Miracidia
sporocyst/rediae
cercaria
metacercaria

42
Q

Monostome

A

one sucker

43
Q

amphistome

A

suckers on opposite ends

44
Q

gasterostome

A

oxhead cercariae, ventral and posterior suckers

45
Q

leptocercous

A

thin tailed

46
Q

pleurolophocercous

A

simple tail with fin fold

47
Q

furcocercous

A

forked tail

48
Q

microcercous

A

micro tail

49
Q

echinostome

A

spiny mouth

50
Q

cystopherous

A

trigger tail

51
Q

xiphidio

A

stylet

52
Q

opthalmo

A

eye spots

53
Q

Why do trematodes have complex life cycles?

A

utilize trophic and spacial dynamics to maximize transmission success
1) natural trophic and spatial dynamics
2) residual effects
3) manipulate host behaviors to ensure transmission

54
Q

Eutrophication

A

natural process of physical and biological succession, induced by nutrient loading (NPK)

55
Q

Epilimnion

A

Warmer top portion of water

56
Q

Oligotrophic lake

A

Low productivity
low nutrient loading
high species diversity
low pop. density
cold water fisheries

57
Q

Eutrophic lakes

A

high productivity
high nutrient loading
low species diversity
high pop density
no cold water fisheries
no O2 in hypolimnion

58
Q

Natural eutrophication

A

slow nutrient accumulation
cyclical

59
Q

Gull study lake

A

long term study, parasitism in mayflies increased in first 10 years, papillae flukes (C.cooperi), metacercariae in mayfly, lake underwent eutrophication due to faulty septic tanks and fertilizer run off

60
Q

Echinostoma auto infection

A

cercariae reinfect snails instead of continuing cycle

61
Q

S.mansoni geographic region

A

old and new world

62
Q

S.Japonicum geographic region

A

china/SE asia

63
Q

S. haematobium

A

Africa

64
Q

S.mansoni egg morphology

A

lateral spine

65
Q

S.japonicum egg morphology

A

no spine or little one

66
Q

S.haematobium egg morphology

A

spine out of the end of egg

67
Q

S.mansoni snail spp

A

Biomphalraia

68
Q

S.japonicum snail spp

A

Oncomelina

69
Q

S. Haematobium snail spp

A

Bulinus

70
Q

S.mansoni infection site

A

inferior mesenteric vessels/Large intestine, feces

71
Q

S.japonicum infection site

A

superior mesenteric vessels/ small intestine, feces

72
Q

S.haematobium infection site

A

Urinary bladder, exited through urine

73
Q

S.Japonicum eradication

A

Use of night soil (human waste, treated w caustic lime, switched from cows to horses, cemented ditches around fields, NaPCP to kill snails

74
Q

a-male size, diet, reproduction

A

large and colorful
arachnids, arthropods
Court females with nest building and parental care

75
Q

B-male size, diet , reproduction

A

Small and resemble females
anthropods
sneak mating, mimicry

76
Q

Which male fish recruit more strigeid parasites?

A

a-males , size increase so does parasite infection

77
Q

a-male spawning effects

A

mature in 7 years, induces parasite pick up

78
Q

B-male spawning effect

A

mature in 2-3 years, lifespan shorter

79
Q

Yellow grub

A

C.marginatum, on fin

80
Q

Black grub

A

U. ambloplitis,

81
Q

White grub

A

P. minimum

82
Q

Green sunfish

A

Close to shore
Torpedo body shape
Ambush predators
Insects, crayfish, fish

83
Q

Blue sunfish characteristics

A

deep water
Broad body
Grazer cause increase infection
Insects, molluscs, algae, arachnids

84
Q

Striged infection in sun fish

A

More infection in bluegill fish due to feeding patterns

85
Q

Blue sunfish infection sites

A

Liver, kidney, heart

86
Q

Green sunfish infection sites

A

liver

Parasitology exam 2 (1 decks)

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