Exam #2 Flashcards
Which lobe contains the primary visual cortex?
Occipital Lobe
Which lobe contains the primary motor cortex?
Frontal Lobe
Which lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex?
Parietal Lobe
List 2 senses managed by the somatosensory cortex?
touch, pressure, temperature, taste
Which neurotransmitter inhibits and reduces seizure activity?
GABA
Which neurotransmitter (NT) is the most common excitatory NT?
Glutamate
Which NT is important for muscle contraction in the neuromuscular junction?
ACh
Which NT is involved in arousal and attention mostly in the Central Nervous System?
Norepinephrine
Is serotonin excitatory, inhibitory, or both?
Both
What is a Gyrus?
bulges found on the cerebral cortex of the brain
What is a fissure?
Deep folds on the cerebral cortex
What do we call a drug that causes fewer NT to be released during an action potential?
antagonist
What do we call a NT that slows down the reuptake process?
agonist
List 2 ions important to note for extra cellular fluid during a neuron’s testing state.
Na+, Cl-
What is the typical range in Mv (Millivolts) of a neuron’s axons at rest? Explain what this means.
The typical range of a neuron’s axons at rest is -40mv to -90mv. This means that there are more sodium ions outside the cell than potassium ions inside the cell.
What is an anion, and how are anions different from cations?
An ion is a charged particle, atom, or molecule. An anion is negatively charged while a cation is positively charged.
List and describe at least 3 major considerations for the protection of animals in research.
- Avoiding pain and distress
- Using as few animals as possible
- Providing quality food, housing, and vet care
How are ionotropic receptors different from metabotropic receptors?
Ionotropic receptors are part of the protein channel (usually ligand-gated ion channels), while metabotropic receptors are their own protein structure that do not open.
How are Ion channels different from volatage-gated channels, and what causes Potassium (K+) to move through them?
Ion channels are always open, and Potassium (K+) moves by diffusion and electrostatic pressure. Voltage-gated ion channels are closed and require a change in voltage across the membrane. Their threshold must be met in order for them to open and allow K+ to diffuse.
Explain why antagonist drugs interacting with excitatory receptors often result in hyperpolorization in the soma and dendrites of the post synaptic cell?
Antagonists interfere with the normal action potential of a NT. If an Antagonist interferes with an excitatory receptor, it will reduce the amount of incoming ESPS. This will then increase the amount of ISPS and hyperpolorize the cell.
