Exam #2

Question 1

Which lobe contains the primary visual cortex?

Answer 1

Occipital Lobe

Question 2

Which lobe contains the primary motor cortex?

Answer 2

Frontal Lobe

Question 3

Which lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 3

Parietal Lobe

Question 4

List 2 senses managed by the somatosensory cortex?

Answer 4

touch, pressure, temperature, taste

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter inhibits and reduces seizure activity?

Answer 5

GABA

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter (NT) is the most common excitatory NT?

Answer 6

Glutamate

Question 7

Which NT is important for muscle contraction in the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 7

ACh

Question 8

Which NT is involved in arousal and attention mostly in the Central Nervous System?

Answer 8

Norepinephrine

Question 9

Is serotonin excitatory, inhibitory, or both?

Answer 9

Both

Question 10

What is a Gyrus?

Answer 10

bulges found on the cerebral cortex of the brain

Question 11

What is a fissure?

Answer 11

Deep folds on the cerebral cortex

Question 12

What do we call a drug that causes fewer NT to be released during an action potential?

Answer 12

antagonist

Question 13

What do we call a NT that slows down the reuptake process?

Answer 13

agonist

Question 14

List 2 ions important to note for extra cellular fluid during a neuron’s testing state.

Answer 14

Na+, Cl-

Question 15

What is the typical range in Mv (Millivolts) of a neuron’s axons at rest? Explain what this means.

Answer 15

The typical range of a neuron’s axons at rest is -40mv to -90mv. This means that there are more sodium ions outside the cell than potassium ions inside the cell.

Question 16

What is an anion, and how are anions different from cations?

Answer 16

An ion is a charged particle, atom, or molecule. An anion is negatively charged while a cation is positively charged.

Question 17

List and describe at least 3 major considerations for the protection of animals in research.

Answer 17

1. Avoiding pain and distress
2. Using as few animals as possible
3. Providing quality food, housing, and vet care

Question 18

How are ionotropic receptors different from metabotropic receptors?

Answer 18

Ionotropic receptors are part of the protein channel (usually ligand-gated ion channels), while metabotropic receptors are their own protein structure that do not open.

Question 19

How are Ion channels different from volatage-gated channels, and what causes Potassium (K+) to move through them?

Answer 19

Ion channels are always open, and Potassium (K+) moves by diffusion and electrostatic pressure. Voltage-gated ion channels are closed and require a change in voltage across the membrane. Their threshold must be met in order for them to open and allow K+ to diffuse.

Question 20

Explain why antagonist drugs interacting with excitatory receptors often result in hyperpolorization in the soma and dendrites of the post synaptic cell?

Answer 20

Antagonists interfere with the normal action potential of a NT. If an Antagonist interferes with an excitatory receptor, it will reduce the amount of incoming ESPS. This will then increase the amount of ISPS and hyperpolorize the cell.