exam 2

Question 1

a ____ is a sequence of statements only executed under a certain condition.

Answer 1

branch

Question 2

An ____ branch is a branch taken only if an expression is true.

Answer 2

if

Question 3

An ____ branch has two branches: The first branch is executed if an expression is true, else the other branch is executed.

Answer 3

if-else

Question 4

The ____ evaluates to True if the left and right sides are equal.

Answer 4

equality operator (==)

Question 5

The ____ evaluates to True if the left and right sides are not equal, or different.

Answer 5

inequality operator (!=)

Question 6

A ____ is a type that has just two values: True or False.

Answer 6

Boolean

Question 7

A ____ checks how one operand’s value relates to another.

Answer 7

relational operator

Question 8

Python supports ____. For example, a < b < c determines whether b is greater-than a but less-than c.

Answer 8

operator chaining

Question 9

A ____ treats operands as being True or False, and evaluates to True or False.

Answer 9

logical operator

Question 10

Logical operators include ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 10

AND, OR, NOT

Question 11

____: True when its one operand is False, and vice versa.

Answer 11

Logical NOT

Question 12

____: True when at least one of its two operands are True.

Answer 12

Logical OR

Question 13

____: True when both of its operands are True.

Answer 13

Logical AND

Question 14

A branch’s statements can include any valid statements, including another if-else statement, which are known as ____ statements.

Answer 14

nested if-else

Question 15

The order in which operators are evaluated in an expression is known as precedence rules. ____, ____, and ____operators are evaluated in what order.

Answer 15

Arithmetic, relational, logical

Question 16

A ____ is a series of statements grouped together.

Answer 16

code block

Question 17

____ is any blank space or newline

Answer 17

whitespace

Question 18

Program redundancy can be reduced by creating a grouping of predefined statements for repeated operations, known as a ____.

Answer 18

function

Question 19

A ____ is a named series of statements.

Answer 19

function

Question 20

A ____ consists of the function’s name and a block of statements.

Answer 20

function definition

Question 21

A ____ is an invocation of the function’s name, causing the function’s statements to execute.

Answer 21

function call

Question 22

The ____ keyword is used to create new functions.

Answer 22

def

Question 23

____ is a special keyword that indicates no value.

Answer 23

None

Question 24

A ____ is a function input specified in a function definition.

Answer 24

parameter

Question 25

An ____ is a value provided to a function’s parameter during a function call.

Answer 25

argument

Question 26

Code such as user_input = int(input()) consists of such a hierarchical function call, in which the input() function is called and evaluates to a value that is then passed as an argument to the int() function.

Answer 26

hierarchical function calls or nested function calls

Question 27

A function with no return statement is called a ____, and such a function returns the value None.

Answer 27

void function

Question 28

A variable or function object is only visible to part of a program, known as the object’s ____.

Answer 28

scope

Question 29

variables defined inside a function are called____.

Answer 29

local variables

Question 30

a variable defined outside of a function is called a ____.

Answer 30

global variable

Question 31

A ____ statement must be used to change the value of a global variable inside of a function.

Answer 31

global

Question 32

The function’s behavior of adding together different types is a concept called ____

Answer 32

polymorphism

Question 33

Python uses ____ to determine the type of objects as a program executes.

Answer 33

dynamic typing

Question 34

In contrast to dynamic typing, many other languages like C, C++, and Java use ____, which requires the programmer to define the type of every variable and every function parameter in a program’s source code.

Answer 34

static typing

Question 35

____ is an operation that allows a statement to perform multiple assignments at once to variables in a tuple or list.

Answer 35

Unpacking

Question 36

A ____ is a string literal placed in the first line of a function body.

Answer 36

docstring

Question 37

A ____ statement loops over each element in a container one at a time, assigning a variable with the next element that can then be used in the loop body.

Answer 37

for loop

Question 38

A for loop may also iterate backward over a sequence, starting at the last element and ending with the first element, by using the ____ function to reverse the order of the elements.

Answer 38

reversed()

Question 39

____ generates a sequence of integers between a starting integer that is included in the range, an ending integer that is not included in the range, and an integer step value.

Answer 39

range()

Question 40

A ____ is a construct that repeatedly executes an indented block of code (known as the loop body) as long as the loop’s expression is True.

Answer 40

while loop

Question 41

Each execution of the loop body is called an ____, and looping is also called ____.

Answer 41

iteration, iterating

Question 42

____, a value that when evaluated by the loop expression causes the loop to terminate.

Answer 42

sentinel value

Question 43

An ____ is a loop that will always execute because the loop’s expression is always True.

Answer 43

infinite loop

Question 44

The programmer can use a variable to count the number of iterations, called a ____.

Answer 44

loop variable

Question 45

A ____ is a loop that appears as part of the body of another loop.

Answer 45

nested loop

Question 46

The nested loops are commonly referred to as the ____ and ____.

Answer 46

outer loop, inner loop

Question 47

A ____ statement in a loop causes the loop to exit immediately.

Answer 47

break

Question 48

A ____ statement in a loop causes an immediate jump to the while or for loop header statement.

Answer 48

continue