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ADV PATHO > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is NOT an association of Wilms tumor?
A. WAGR syndrome
B. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
C. CHARGE syndrome
D. Denys-Drash syndrome
E. WT1 WT2 gene mutations

A

C

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT true regarding Wilms Tumor?
A. Patients may have gross hematuria.
B. Median age at diagnosis is about 3 years.
C. Patients may have polycythemia.
D. It does not metastasize.
E. It commonly presents as an asymptomatic abdominal mass.

A

D

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3
Q

Which of the following is used to confirm a suspected diagnosis of Wilms tumor?
A. Bilateral renal ultrasound
B. Renal CT scan without contrast
C. Renal CT scan with contrast
D. Magnetic resonance imaging
E. Biopsy or surgical resection of the lesion

A

E

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4
Q

A child with acute leukemia is least likely to present with which of the following findings?
A. Fatigue
B. Pallor
C. Mediastinal mass
D. Petechiae
E. Dyspnea

A

C

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5
Q

Which of the following peripheral blood findings is most suggestive of chronic myeloid leukemia?
A. Morphologically abnormal granulocytes
B. More than 5% blast cells
C. Marked leukocytosis with normal myeloid precursors
D. Hypokalemia
E. High leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score

A

C

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6
Q

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia?
A. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
B. Anthracyclines
C. Radiotherapy
D. Watchful waiting
E. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

A

A

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7
Q

Which of the following findings on a complete blood count is MOST concerning for leukemia?
A. Neutropenia
B. Blasts
C. Leukocytosis
D. Anemia
E. Thrombocytopenia

A

B

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8
Q

A patient has been diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma with involvement of one lymph node region in the neck without any other findings. What stage lymphoma does this patient have?
A. Stage 4
B. Stage 5
C. Stage 1
D. Stage 3
E. Stage 2

A

C

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9
Q

A cervical lymph node biopsy from a 10-year-old girl reveals a large cell with a bilobed nucleus with prominent eosinophilic inclusion-like nucleoli resembling an owl’s eye. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute myeloid leukemia
B. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
C. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
D. Hodgkin lymphoma
E. Tuberculosis

A

D

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10
Q

Which of the following types of lymphomas is most strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection?
A. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma
B. Mantle cell lymphoma
C. Burkitt lymphoma
D. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

A

D

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11
Q

Classically activated M1 macrophages are generated in the presence of which of the following?
A. Transforming growth factor-beta
B. Interleukin 13
C. Interleukin 10
D. Interleukin 4
E. Interferon-gamma

A

E

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12
Q

Which of the following cells is NOT a key component of chronic inflammation?
A. Macrophages
B. Plasma cells
C. B cells
D. Neutrophils
E. T cells

A

D

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13
Q

Which of the following T-helper 2 cytokines are associated with alternatively activated M2 macrophages?
A. Lipopolysaccharides, interleukin 12
B.Interleukin 12, interleukin 23
C. Tumor necrosis factor alpha,
interleukin 18
D. Interleukin 4, interleukin 13
E. Interferon-gamma, interleukin 23

A

D

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14
Q

Which of the following complement components is mainly involved in the opsonization of pathogens?
A. C3a
B. C5a
C. C8
D. C6
E.C3b

A

E

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15
Q

Which of the following complement components are mainly involved in basophil and mast cell degranulation?
A. C3a, C5a
B. C3a, C3b
C. C3a, C5b6789
D. C5a, C5b6789
E. C3b, C5a

A

A

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16
Q

Which of the following represents the C3 convertase produced by the classical and lectin pathways?
A. C4ba
B. C3bBcd
C. C4b2b
D. C3bBb
E. C4bC2a3b

A

C

17
Q

Which of the following is a component of the lectin pathway of complement activation?
A. Mannose-binding lectin serine protease 1 (MASP1)
B. Factor D
C. C3bBb3b
D. Factor B
E. Complement component 1q (C1q)

A

A

18
Q

Which complement pathway is NOT correctly matched with its activators?
A. Lectin-microbial sugars
B. Alternative-microbial sugars
C. Classical-antibody antigen D. complexes
D. Alternative-microbial surface
E. Classical-C-reactive protein (CRP)

A

B

19
Q

Which of the following is the correct order of neutrophil migration from the blood to damaged tissue?
A. Rolling, Activation, Adhesion, Diapedesis
B. Activation, Rolling, Adhesion, Diapedesis
C. Rolling, Adhesion, Activation, Diapedesis
D. Activation, Adhesion, Rolling, Diapedesis
E. Rolling, Activation, Diapedesis, Adhesion

A

A

20
Q

Regarding interferon-alpha and beta, what is the mechanism of their action against viral infections?
A. They bind to a cell and activate the classical component pathway.
B. They are released by a virus-infected cell and attach directly to a virus, preventing it from entering other cells.
C. They are released by a virus-infected cell and cause nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses.
D. They signal the innate immune system to respond to viral antigens with phagocytes.
E. They bind to a cell that has been infected by a virus and prevent it from pyroptosis.

A

C

21
Q

What is a possible mechanism by which natural killer cells recognize and destroy virus-infected cells?
A. High levels of MHC class I molecules suppress inhibitory receptors on natural killer cells.
B. Low levels of MHC class I molecules are not recognized by inhibitory receptors on natural killer cells.
C. Low levels of MHC class I molecules avoid recognition by stimulatory receptors on natural killer cells.
D. High levels of MHC class I molecules are recognized by inhibitory receptors on natural killer cells.
E. High levels of MHC class I molecules are recognized by stimulatory receptors on natural killer cells.

A

B

22
Q

Which of the following mechanisms allows normal cells to avoid destruction by natural killer cells?
A. A more prominent signaling of inhibitory receptors on the natural killer cell
B. A more prominent signaling of stimulatory receptors on the normal cell
C. A more prominent signaling of stimulatory receptors on the natural killer cell
D.A more prominent signaling of inhibitory receptors on the normal cell

A

A

23
Q

During neutrophil activation, integrin molecules on the surface of neutrophils typically bind to which molecule on the surface of the blood vessel endothelium?
A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
B. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)
C. Interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß)
D. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)
E. Interleukin 8 (IL-8)

A

B

24
Q

How many different classical MHC molecules are expressed in each individual?
Several million
12-14
2-6
100
32-56

A

B

25
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of pattern recognition receptor?
Cytoplasmic
Nuclear
Membrane-bound
Secretory
Cell-surface

A

B

26
Q

Which of the following is a major difference between B-cell receptors (BCR) and T-cell receptors (TCR)?
A. Only TCRs can be found on the cell surface.
B. Only TCRs are highly specific.
C. Only B-cell receptors can be secreted.
D. Only TCRs are part of the adaptive immune system
E. Only BCRs are highly specific.

A

C

27
Q

A child with acute leukemia is least likely to present with which of the following findings?
A. Pallor
B. Dyspnea
C. Fatigue
D. Mediastinal mass
E. Petechiae

A

D

28
Q

Which of the following is the most common childhood malignancy?
A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
B. Wilms tumor
C. Neuroblastoma
D. Acute myeloid leukemia
E. Retinoblastoma

A

A

ADV PATHO (1 decks)

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