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Anthropology Exam 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

ETHNIC BOUNDARY MARKERS

A

A practice or belief used to signify who is in a group and who is not
Ex. Food, clothing, language, shared name, religion
- Can shift according to social location

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2
Q

Assimilation

A

Mixing into the dominant identity or unmarked culture. The ideology encourages minorities to abandon their native customs, and ethnic identities and adopt the customs of the dominant mainstream, unmarked community
- When in Rome, Do as the Romans do

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3
Q

Multiculturalism

A

Ethnic and culture diversity is a positive quality that enriches a society and encouraging respect for cultural differences. Positive qualities.
- How ethnicity should operate

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4
Q

Amalgamation

A

Promotes hybridization of diverse cultural groups in a multiethnic society
- Immigrant communities mix into the dominant community and that they will both change each other because of the multicultural intertwining

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5
Q

Sex

A

Someone’s biological sex
- Male or Female

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6
Q

Gender

A

Means the categories male, female, or other gender possibilities

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7
Q

Gender performance

A

The idea that gender is something inscribed in daily practices, learned and performed based on cultural norms of femininity and masculinity

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8
Q

Descent ideology

A

Studies systems such as a matrilineal and patrilineal and is a part of kinship theory

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9
Q

Descent group

A

Is a group in which all members share a common ancestor, and each member is a descendent

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10
Q

Linealilty of descent

A

A lineal descendent in legal usage is a blood relative in the direct line of descent
Ex. The children and grandchildren etc. of a person.

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11
Q

Affinity relatedness

A

A person connected to ego by marriage in kinship relations

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12
Q

Consanguineous relatedness

A

Blood relation. It’s the property of being from the same kinship as another person. They share known common ancestors.

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13
Q

Fictive kin

A

Kin-like relations but not actually based upon blood or marriage

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14
Q

Bilateral descent

A

System of family linage in which the relatives on the mothers side and fathers side are equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of property or wealth

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15
Q

Unilateral Descent

A

Determines Kim through only one gender
- traced via just the male line or via the female line

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16
Q

Matrilineal

A

Through the mothers side

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17
Q

Patrilineal

A

Through the fathers side

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18
Q

Matrilocal

A

Custom in marriage whereby the husband goes to live with the wife’s community

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19
Q

Patrilocal

A

Relating to a pattern of marriage in which the couple settles in the husbands home or community

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20
Q

Endogamy

A

Marrying only within the limits of a local community, clan, or tribe

21
Q

Exogamy

A

Marrying outside a community,clan, or tribe

22
Q

Polyandary

A

A woman has more than one husband

23
Q

Polygyny

A

A man has more than one wife

24
Q

Anthropological stance on “truth”

A

Beliefs: Things we believe
Institutions: Religious or governmental place that holds a large body of people to influence
Practices: Things we do based on our beliefs

25
Q

Rites of passage

A

A formalized ceremony that recognizes or celebrates a change in a person or groups life stage signifies a change of social identity
Ex. Quinces, first communion, baptizing, first time drinking

26
Q

3 stages of rites of passage

A

Separation: separated out
Liminality: Being in an inbetween space until the next stage. A test
Incorporation: Gone through your test and the ritual is complete and you are incorporated into your new role

27
Q

3 components of religion

A

Belief in supernatural powers: where lightning comes from, superstitions, crystals
Myths:
Origin myths, – a lot of religions, don’t have them
Ex. Adam and Eve
Practice(including ritual) : Are fictions. Not all religious practices are rituals. Pattern performance of behavior intended to influence, supernatural powers, and or to express religious beliefs

28
Q

Intellectual/
Cognitive Theories

A

Why does religion exist helps to explain puzzling events that happen in the world. Explains things we don’t have satisfactory explanations.
Ex. What’s the deal with suffering? What is thunder? Where does thunder come from?

29
Q

Psychological theories

A

Religion provides emotional satisfaction or well-being. That’s what it does to people and why it exists
Ex. Provides comfort in grief , religion steps in when people lack support

30
Q

Sociological theories

A

Religion is essentially an illusion because culture and location influence religion to such a degree the idea that religion presents a fundamental truth of existence seemed rather improbable to them

31
Q

Manipulating the supernatural

A

Have some sort of effect or influence on supernatural
Ex. Prayer.

32
Q

Magic

A

The manipulation of supernatural forces, for the purpose of intervening with human natural beings

33
Q

Imitative

A

Aims to bring about a certain outcome by mimicking aspects of that outcome. The idea is what you see is what you get.
Ex. Voodoo dolls.

34
Q

Contagious

A

An object that’s been in contact with a person or an entity will retain supernatural powers
Ex. Relic - said to transfer said powers

35
Q

Disability

A

-The idea of disability varies, cross-culturally
-One could be a disability in one context, and not in another
-A place in north Africa sees schizophrenia not understood as an illness, but as a gift

36
Q

Disease

A

Refers to biological health problems that are objective and universal
Ex. Heart attacks, and septic infections.

37
Q

Illness

A

Refers to culturally, specific perceptions, and experiences of health problems
Ex. Depression, physical, isolatable things that can cause/reflect depression
-Western biomedical contexts : we say it’s a medical problem that can be diagnosed and addressed
-Some places think of it as a spiritual possession

38
Q

Culture specific syndromes

A

Are element that only exist in specific contexts. It can be considered to be an illness in one culture and not another, or just not present in certain climates
Ex. Malaria: really only find it in some parts of the world, places where a lot of mosquitoes are and places where it’s more impoverished

39
Q

Culturally, specific ways of interpreting health and illness

A

Anorexia- prior to 80s eating disorders expressed as anorexia really only existed in the US. Globalization exported the expression of anorexia.

40
Q

Proximate cause

A

Refers to an event that is closest to or immediately responsible for causing a result
Ex. The boat hits an iceberg, and it sinks

41
Q

Ultimate cause

A

“ real/zoomed out” reason
Ex. Why did the ship hit the iceberg? Why did it cause a hole? Why did it sink?

42
Q

Understanding health and illness with ultimate vs proximate

A

Malaria- mosquitoes vs not having the money economic infrastructure to address issue

43
Q

Biomedicine

A

Medical system that uses science and technology to treat health problems

44
Q

Marked

A

Remarkably above or extremely below the norm
Ex. Women, LGBTQ, African-American

45
Q

Unmarked

A

Individuals perceived as socially generic with no moral or political value
Ex. White, men, heterosexuals.

46
Q

Reification

A

Anytime you make something real. Race categories we make some natural through things like census

47
Q

Naturalization

A

Concepts or ideas come to be thought of as natural
Ex. Seeing race on an application and thinking it’s natural we have those categories.

48
Q

Hypodedcent
(One drop rule)

A

Referred to as socially constructed racial classification system, in which a person of mixed racial heritage is automatically categorized as a member of the less or least privileged group
Ex . Mom white and dad is Hispanic. You will be part of the Hispanic side socially

49
Q

Ethnicity

A

The distinct identity, based on cultural characteristics, and a shared ancestry that is believed to give people a unique sense of peoplehood or heritage
- part of an identity that is shared with a group of people you share that identity with

Anthropology Exam 2 (1 decks)

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