exam 2 Flashcards
Barrow(swine)
castrated male pig
what is the number 1 swine country
china
top swine state
Iowa
top 5 swine states in order
Iowa
Minnesota
north Carolina
Illinois
Indiana
why is the panhandle good for pig raising
-environmental soundness
-water availability
-foodstuffs
-remote location
-trainable workforce
where do pigs spend the most time
finisher(5-6 months)
how long is pig gestation
114 days(3 month, 3 week, 3 day)
what is the most popular swine breedding operation
rotational systems
disadvantages of rotational breeding
-lower heterosis
-reduction in growth potential
terminal crossbreeding
all offspring from terminal mating are marketed and no replacement gilt is found
simple terminal
two purebreds mated or crossbred female is mated with male of 3rd breed
complex terminal
two crossbred animals are bred(4 total breeds)
disadvantages of terminal
replacement females must be bought since none are produced
advantages of crossbreeding
-hybrid vigor
-heterosis
what is the greatest expense in pig raising
feed(65-70%)
primary source of protein for pigs
soybean meal(corn is also a large componant)
all in all out barns
barn is completely emptied between groups of hogs for cleaning, provides better disease control)
6 steps after pig is born
-needle teeth clip
-dock tail
-iron shot
-castration
-ear notch
-cut naval cord
underline problems
-inadequate number
-poor spacing of tetes and pin
-inverted or blunt nipples
what does SPI stand for
sow productivity index
how it SPI calculated
number born alive and adjusted 21 day litter weight
why is AI used for dairy opperations
-intact bulls are aggressive
-expedites genetic process
-dairy is already more highly managed do its easier to implement
negative energy balance
cow is expending mor energy than she’s consuming
how much does a gallon of milk weigh
8.6 pounds
T/F cow numbers have decreased but milk production has increased
TRUE
dairy products rank as what within Texas(behind what?)
4th, behind cattle, cotton, and poultry
why has the industry moved from east to west
-humidity/climate
-land prices
-government regulations
-change from family owned to business owned farms
reasons for advancements in dairy
management
nutrition
genetics
bovine somatotropin(BST)
growth hormone to increase milk yield
symptoms of mistitles
swollen udder
hot to the touch
abnormal milk
traits(and percentages) dairy cows are judged on
frame-15%
dairy character-20%
body capacity-10%
feet and legs-15%
udder-40%
calf hutches
where calf’s are placed here 1-3 days old, and kept until they eat 4 lbs. of grain a day. reduce spread of disease,
freestall barn
individual stalls for each cow, stops their udder from being stepped on and provides cow comfort
what allows milking machines to extract milk
the vacume
how does the esophagus work in monogastrics
only works in one direction(cant regurgitate)
function of stomach in monogastrics
store ingested feed
muscular movement for breakdown
secretes digestive juices
sections of small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
(it also contains villi)
function of duodenum
site of absorption
function of jejunum
active site of amino acid absorption
function of ileum
active site of nutrient absorption