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ANSC 108 > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Barrow(swine)

A

castrated male pig

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2
Q

what is the number 1 swine country

A

china

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3
Q

top swine state

A

Iowa

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4
Q

top 5 swine states in order

A

Iowa
Minnesota
north Carolina
Illinois
Indiana

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5
Q

why is the panhandle good for pig raising

A

-environmental soundness
-water availability
-foodstuffs
-remote location
-trainable workforce

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6
Q

where do pigs spend the most time

A

finisher(5-6 months)

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7
Q

how long is pig gestation

A

114 days(3 month, 3 week, 3 day)

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8
Q

what is the most popular swine breedding operation

A

rotational systems

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9
Q

disadvantages of rotational breeding

A

-lower heterosis
-reduction in growth potential

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10
Q

terminal crossbreeding

A

all offspring from terminal mating are marketed and no replacement gilt is found

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11
Q

simple terminal

A

two purebreds mated or crossbred female is mated with male of 3rd breed

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12
Q

complex terminal

A

two crossbred animals are bred(4 total breeds)

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13
Q

disadvantages of terminal

A

replacement females must be bought since none are produced

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14
Q

advantages of crossbreeding

A

-hybrid vigor
-heterosis

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15
Q

what is the greatest expense in pig raising

A

feed(65-70%)

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16
Q

primary source of protein for pigs

A

soybean meal(corn is also a large componant)

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17
Q

all in all out barns

A

barn is completely emptied between groups of hogs for cleaning, provides better disease control)

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18
Q

6 steps after pig is born

A

-needle teeth clip
-dock tail
-iron shot
-castration
-ear notch
-cut naval cord

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19
Q

underline problems

A

-inadequate number
-poor spacing of tetes and pin
-inverted or blunt nipples

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20
Q

what does SPI stand for

A

sow productivity index

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21
Q

how it SPI calculated

A

number born alive and adjusted 21 day litter weight

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22
Q

why is AI used for dairy opperations

A

-intact bulls are aggressive
-expedites genetic process
-dairy is already more highly managed do its easier to implement

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23
Q

negative energy balance

A

cow is expending mor energy than she’s consuming

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24
Q

how much does a gallon of milk weigh

A

8.6 pounds

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25
Q

T/F cow numbers have decreased but milk production has increased

A

TRUE

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26
Q

dairy products rank as what within Texas(behind what?)

A

4th, behind cattle, cotton, and poultry

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27
Q

why has the industry moved from east to west

A

-humidity/climate
-land prices
-government regulations
-change from family owned to business owned farms

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28
Q

reasons for advancements in dairy

A

management
nutrition
genetics

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29
Q

bovine somatotropin(BST)

A

growth hormone to increase milk yield

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30
Q

symptoms of mistitles

A

swollen udder
hot to the touch
abnormal milk

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31
Q

traits(and percentages) dairy cows are judged on

A

frame-15%
dairy character-20%
body capacity-10%
feet and legs-15%
udder-40%

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32
Q

calf hutches

A

where calf’s are placed here 1-3 days old, and kept until they eat 4 lbs. of grain a day. reduce spread of disease,

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33
Q

freestall barn

A

individual stalls for each cow, stops their udder from being stepped on and provides cow comfort

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34
Q

what allows milking machines to extract milk

A

the vacume

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35
Q

how does the esophagus work in monogastrics

A

only works in one direction(cant regurgitate)

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36
Q

function of stomach in monogastrics

A

store ingested feed
muscular movement for breakdown
secretes digestive juices

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37
Q

sections of small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum
(it also contains villi)

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38
Q

function of duodenum

A

site of absorption

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39
Q

function of jejunum

A

active site of amino acid absorption

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40
Q

function of ileum

A

active site of nutrient absorption

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41
Q

function of villi

A

small fingerlike projections in small intestine that increase surface area and slow passage

42
Q

largest part of digestive tract of pig

A

large intestine(35%)

43
Q

largest part of digestive tract of horse

A

large intestine(47%)

44
Q

where is the site of bacterial fermentation in a horse

A

cecum in large intestine

45
Q

which animal does not have a gall bladder

A

horse

46
Q

what is the function of a gizzard on a chicken

A

grinds feed through muscle contractions

47
Q

how does the esophagus work in ruminants

A

it can move food in either direction

48
Q

which stomach compartment has a honeycomb pattern

A

reticulum

49
Q

what is the largest stomach compartment in bovine

A

rumen

50
Q

what stomach compartment is also known as manyplies

A

omasum

51
Q

what is the true stomach of ruminants

A

abomasum

52
Q

functions of the rumen

A

storage
physical mixing/breaking down
fermentation

53
Q

qualities of the rumen

A

anaerobic
warm
dark
acidic

54
Q

desirable pH of the rumen

A

5.5-6.5

55
Q

esophageal groove

A

found in young ruminants, a passageway from esophageal opening to omasum allowing milk to bas the rumen and escape fermentation

56
Q

how long do cattle ruminate per day

A

8 hours

57
Q

eructation

A

burping(release of CO2 and methane)

58
Q

regurgitation

A

controlled form of vomiting

59
Q

what is the largest part of the cows reproductive tract

A

stomach(68%)

60
Q

what does yield grade determine

A

cutability of closely trimmed retail cuts

61
Q

beef cattle retail cuts

A

loin
round
chuck
rib

62
Q

factors determining cattle yield grade

A

external fat
ribeye area
KPH fat
carcass weight

63
Q

percent yield 1

A

> 52.3

64
Q

percent yield 5

A

<45.45

65
Q

T/F fatter animals equals lower yield grade

A

TRUE

66
Q

yield grade calculation ribeye

A

13.8

67
Q

dressing percentage is affected by what

A

fill
hide weight
head and shanks
muscling

68
Q

average cattle dressing percent

A

62%

69
Q

T/F fatter animals have a less flat topline

A

FALSE. fatter animals have a smoother appearance and a wide flat topline

70
Q

T/F yield grade reflects cutability

A

TRUE

71
Q

areas to evaluate muscle in lamb

A

forearm
shoulder
rack
loin
leg

72
Q

lamb yield grade calculation

A

.4+(10 x adjusted fat thickness)

73
Q

which animal has the lowest dressing percent

A

lamb

74
Q

average lamb dressing percent

A

52%

75
Q

areas to evaluate fat in pigs

A

jowls
behind shoulder
over top
rear and fore flank
underline

76
Q

which animal has highest dressing percent. why?

A

swine, they are monogastric and skin stays on

77
Q

average swine dressing percent

A

72%

78
Q

muscle scores

A

3-very thick
2-moderate
1-very thin

79
Q

heifer

A

female that has not produced a calf

80
Q

feedlot

A

beef cattle enterprise where cattle are placed and fattened for slaughter

81
Q

global leaders in cattle(with numbers)

A

india-303m
brazil-244m
china-97m

82
Q

combo tattoo and ear tag

A

identification method, permanent tattoo placed in ear along with temporary(plastic ear tag)

83
Q

fire branding

A

one of the oldest and most permanent methods of branding

84
Q

freeze branding

A

hair in area is discolored due to extreme cold

85
Q

electronic ear tags

A

allows animal carcass to be tracked to its origin. they are industry wide and not just for individual producers

86
Q

purposes for castration

A

steers are more docile
they will finish/fatten in less time
they can be mixed with females
eliminates inferior genetics

87
Q

purposes for implanting

A

-weaning weight of implanted calve is 5-10% higher
-implanted stocker cattle gain 10-15% more
-feeder cattle gain 10-15% more
-feeder cattle are 8-10% more efficient

88
Q

implanting

A

placing a steroid pellet in the ear of a young calf

89
Q

why is testicular development important

A

scrotal circumference is related to sperm production, fertility and when daughters reach puberty

90
Q

weaning age of calves

A

205 day standard

91
Q

what cow age produces the largest amount of milk

A

5-10 years old

92
Q

what adjustments should be made for maternal performance

A

weaning age of calf
age of dam
sex of calf(males grow faster)

93
Q

top beef cattle states(in order)

A

Texas
Nebraska
Kansas
Iowa
Colorado

94
Q

top cow/calf states

A

Texas
Missouri

95
Q

Texas is number one in the nation in..?

A

total cattle
ranches beef
cows
feedlot cattle

96
Q

cow calf production

A

cows and heifers are mated to produce a calf crop

97
Q

commercial producers sale calves at what age and for what

A

weaning, sold for the feedlot

98
Q

purebred/seedstock breeders

A

produce calves for breeding herd/DNA for AI

99
Q

stocker operations

A

use roughage to grow cattle from weaning until ready for feedlot

100
Q

feedlot production

A

high concentrate diets in large facility for finishing cattle

ANSC 108 (3 decks)

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