exam 2 Flashcards
Any sheep, goat, or horse between 12 and 24 months of age is called a ______.
Yearling
A castrated male sheep or goat is called a _____.
wether
Which of the following are breeds of sheep maintained at Michigan State University?
Dorset and Suffork
The gestation length of sheep and goats is
5 months
The breed of sheep that is white with a black face is the ___________.
suffolk
The term used to describe a difficult birth, or when offspring are not in the correct position during delivery is dysphoria.
distocia
The reason or reasons that goats are dehorned include
handler safety and facility damage
Why are tails docked in lambs?
prevent fly strike
T/F. More people consume goat products worldwide than cattle products.
True
Goats are kept in the US for
Pets, production, land cleaning
T/F. There is no real market for goat meat in the Midwest, or the United States.
false
The dairy goat breed with the greatest milk production, that is also know as the Holstein of the goat world is the
saanen
An intact male bovine is called a
bull
A female bovine aged 2 years or over, that has produced a calf is called a
cow
A castrated male bovine is called a
steer
polled Hereford
red with white face
docial with good mothering traits
T/F. Cattle or other animals that are polled do not have horns either genetically or because they have been removed.
True
Prior to producing her first calf, a bovine female is called a
heifer
Which of the following countries are in the top 3 in cattle & buffalo numbers?
India
Brazil
Chine
Which of the following are in the top 3 countries in beef consumption?
Argentina
The leading state in beef cow numbers is
Texas
T/F. The leading state in beef cattle on feed is Nebraska.
Nebraska
Which of the following are part of the beef supply chain as described in lecture?
seedstock, background, food service
T/F. There are about 80 breeds of beef cattle in the U.S. with approximately 10 having a significant impact on the commercial beef industry.
False
Which of the following may be used to classify breeds of cattle?
Function
Origin
The purebred breed of black cattle produced at the MSU Beef Teaching & Research Cow Calf facility is
Angus
Which of the following Dairy breeds are frequently found in Michigan feedlots?
Holstein
Which of the following are true about Bos Indicus type breeds?
Brahman
heat tolorate, maternal, late puberty
T/F. Nineteen breeds of purebred cattle provide the genetic base, but make up less than 3% of the U.S. beef herd.
True
Which of the following represents the correct order of the U. S. Beef Production Cycle?
cow calf, weaning, stocker, feedlot
T/F. the mean Cow Calf herd size in the U.S. is 100 cows.
False, 8
Which of the following are true with regard to breeding beef cattle?
The average pregnancy rate in the fall is about 90% of cows exposed to breeding.
T/F. Mature cows will experience dystocia about 12% of the time.
False
Which of the following are true with respect to weaning beef calves?
Calves are typically vaccinated before they are weaned
Which of the following is true with respect to backgrounding or stocker programs?
Backgrounders are the middlemen between cow herds and feedlots
Goal is to obtain growth not fattening
Which of the following are not true with respect to the Feedlot Phase?
high roughage diets
T/F. Cattle use land to produce food for people that would otherwise be unusable
True
T/F. There is more estrogen in a 3 oz. portion of peas than in a similar sized portion of implanted beef.
True
T/F. The State Veterinarian for Michigan is Dr. Nora Wineland.
True
Which of the following are true with respect to regulatory veterinary medicine?
-the State Veterinarian maintains a list and surveillance program of reportable diseases, such as Bovine TB.
-The State Veterinarian’s office is especially concerned with zoonotic diseases.
-The State Veterinarian is also responsible for protecting the health of Michigan cats and dogs.
T/F. There are 9.4 million dairy cattle in the United States.
True
how many dairy cows are in MI
420,000-430,000
The number one state with respect to milk produced per cow is ___________.
Mi
The number one Dairy state with respect to number of cows is _________.
California
T/F. Dairy is the leading animal industry in the state of Michigan based on farm receipts.
True
T/F. Horses and reindeer are a source of milk in some countries.
True
The black and white Dairy breed used by MSU (and many others) is the
Holstein
T/F. The average net income per Michigan Dairy cow is $3500$3,500.
False
Which of the following are TRUE statements?
A-Conception is challenging in high producing cows.
B-The majority of Dairy cattle are bred by embryo transfer
C-A cow should calve every 20 months
D-None of the above
Conception is challenging in high production cows
Which of the following are examples of biosecurity measures that may be taken to protect animal health?
Quarantine periods for new animals
Protective covering of boots and clothing
proper vaccination
What is the role of the state veterinarian?
Protect, regulate, and promote animal health
Name 3 reportable diseases of concern to Michigan’s State Veterinarian
-Rabies
-Bovine Tuberculosis
-Hand food and mouth disease
-avian Influenzas
What is a female sheep of any age called?
ewe
What is male sheep of any age called?
Ram
What is a sheep under 12 months of age called?
Lamb
What is a breed that excels in reproductive
efficiency and fitness traits called?
maternal
What is a breed used to produce meat lambs called?
Terminal sire
What is the a defined method of
producing sheep products called?
Production System
True or False: Sheep and goats are far more productive and efficient than beef cattle and camelids
True
What countries that lead the world in sheep production?
New Zealand, parts of Asia, and parts of Africa
What are the largest sheep producing states in the US? (5)
Texas, California, Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah
What do the Western US states produce regarding to sheep?
Primarily wooly production
What do the Northern US states produce regarding to sheep?
Dual purpose production
What do the Southern US states produce regarding to sheep?
Hair sheep- meat production
Explain the difference between terminal and maternal sheep breeds, and give an example of each.
Maternal breeds are a good mother, makes adequative milk, easily raise 1-2 lambs without help ( ) and Terminal sire breeds used to produce meat lambs that excel in growth and meat traits ( )
Provide examples of dairy goat breeds
Alpine, Saanen, and Nubian
Provide examples of meat goat breeds
Boar Spanish, and Kiko
Identify diseases of concern in goats (4 )
Johne’s, Caprine Arthritic Encephalitis (CAE), Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL), and overreating
Describe an Angus
All black, some white on belly, low lean, high marbling, moderate milk, moderate puberty; maternal breed, Bos Taurus
Describe a Hereford
Dominant white face w/ red body and ay have white stockings or white feather on neck. Low lean, high marbling, moderate milk, moderate puberty; maternal, Bos Taurus, can be polled
Describe a Red Angus
Hair coat makes it different from angus (double recessive will give it the red color), low lean, high marbling, moderate milk, moderate puberty; maternal breed, Bos Taurus
Describe a Simmental
Large size, High lean, moderate marbling, high milk, moderate puberty; multi-purpose (very high growth)
Describe a Charolais
All white, Very high lean, low marbling, low milk, late puberty, Bos taurus, very high growth
Describe a Limousin
Terminal breed, not enough fat to be maternal, red, highly muscled beef cattle, Bos Taurus Very high lean, low marbling, low milk, late puberty
What is a young bull or bull castrated after sexual maturity called?
Bullock
What is a bovine female between birth of first and second calf (yes, she should be called a cow)?
First cow heifer
What is a bovine female born twin to a bull (usually infertile) called?
freemartin
What is a heifer that has calved once, then fed for harvest called?
Heiferette
What is a bull castrated after sexual maturity?
stag
How many dairy cows in US?
9,400,000
The number #1 dairy state for number of farms is?
Wisconsin
The largest cost associated with producing milk annually is?
feed
Describe the Holstein
From Holland, weigh 1400 lbs, black and white, highest milk production (25,639 lbs), good reproductively
Describe the Jersey
From Jersey Isle, weigh 1000 lbs, fawn, blackish-brown, handles heat well, efficient (less feed than most),
True or False: Dairy farming as a business provides a good way of life
True, Dairy farming as a way of life may not be a good business
What reproductive tools are used in the dairy industry?
AI, Dairy Herd Improvement (Record Keeping), and Genomic Testing of DNA
What is in concentrates?
corn, wheat, milo - high energy
soybean meal, cotton seed meal (worth well into rations) and other meals - high protein,
What is in roughage?
Anything with a stem (corn silage, hay silage (haylage), hay
What is the purpose of Heat Treatment of milk ?
Destroy pathogens (Primary), Destroy spoilage organisms , and Destroy endogenous enzymes
What happens when milk is heat treated for 15 seconds at 72 C?
Pasteurized
What happens when milk is heat treated for 4 seconds at 140 C?
UHT Sterilized
What is the fluid milk processing?
Separation and Standardization, Heat Treatment, Homogenization, and Value-added process
What are the top 3 meat companies in sales?
Tyson Foods, Inc, JBS USA, and Cargill Meat Solutions
What are the main reasons that the study of toxicology began at MSU?
PCB Contamination in the Great Lakes and Michigan PBB Incident
What are the most important traits economically in beef cattle breeds?
1) reproductive performance, (2) weaning weight, (3) postweaning growth, (4) feed efficiency, (5) carcass merit, (6) longevity (functional traits), (7) conformation, and (8) freedom from genetic defects.
What are the seven critical management areas for a cow-calf producer?
-Herd nutrition
-Pasture and range management
-Herd health
-Financial management
-Marketing
-Production management (reproduction)
-Genetics
