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Poli Sci > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Guerilla War

A

A conflict whereby non state combatants who largely abide by the rules of war target the state

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2
Q

Nihilism

A

A belief that all institutions and values are essentially meaningless and that the only redeeming value is violence

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3
Q

Ideational

A

Having to do with ideas

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4
Q

Political Violence

A

Violence outside of state control that is politically motivated

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5
Q

Relative Deprivation Model

A

Model that predicts revolution when public expectations outpace the rate of domestic change

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6
Q

Revolution

A

Public seizure of the state in order to overturn the existing government and regime

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7
Q

State Sponsored Terrorism

A

Terrorism supported directly by a state as an instrument of foreign policy

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8
Q

Terrorism

A

The use of violence by non-state actors against civilians in order to achieve a political goal

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9
Q

Abstract Review

A

Judicial review that allows the constitutional court to rule on questions that do not arise from actual legal disputes

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10
Q

Bicameral System

A

A political system in which the legislature comprises two houses

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11
Q

Civil Liberties

A

Individual rights regarding freedom that are created by the constitution and the political regime

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12
Q

Civil Rights

A

Individual rights regarding equality that are created by the constitution and the political regime

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13
Q

Civil Society

A

Organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests

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14
Q

Concrete Review

A

Judicial review that allows the constitutional court to rule on the basis of actual legal disputes brought before it

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15
Q

Constituency

A

A geographical area that an elected official represents

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16
Q

Constitutional Court

A

The highest judicial body in a political system that decides whether laws and policies violate the constitution

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17
Q

Democracy

A

A political system in which political power is exercised either directly or indirectly by the people

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18
Q

Electoral System

A

A set of rules that decide how votes are cast, counted, and translated into seats in a legislature

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19
Q

Executive

A

The branch of government that carries out the laws and policies of a state

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20
Q

First Past the Post

A

An electoral system in which individual candidates compete in a single-member districts; voters choose b/w candidates, and the candidate with the largest share of the vote wins the seat

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21
Q

Head of Government

A

The executive role that deals with the everyday tasks of running the state, such as formulating and executing policy

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22
Q

Head of State

A

The executive role that symbolizes and represents the people both nationally and internationally

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23
Q

Initiative

A

A national vote called by members of the public to address a specific proposal

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24
Q

Judicial Review

A

The mechanism by which courts can review the actions of government and overturn those that violate the constitution

25
Q

Legislature

A

The branch of government charged with making laws

26
Q

Liberal Democracy

A

A political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights

27
Q

Mixed Electoral System

A

An electoral system that uses a combination of single- member districts and proportional representation

28
Q

Multi-Member District (MMD)

A

An electoral district with more than one seat

29
Q

Parliamentary System

A

A political system in which the roles of head of state and head of government are assigned to separate executive offices

30
Q

Presidential System

A

A political system in which the roles of head of state and head of government are combined in one executive office

31
Q

Proportional Representation (PR)

A

An electoral system in which political parties compete in multimember districts; voters choose between parties, and the seats in the district are awarded proportionally according to the results of the vote

32
Q

Referendum

A

A national vote called by a government to address a specific proposal, often a change to the constitution

33
Q

Republicanism

A

Indirect democracy that emphasizes the separation of powers within a state and the representation of the public through elected officials

34
Q

Rule of Law

A

A system in which all individuals and groups, including those in government, are subject to the law, irrespective of their power or authority

35
Q

Semi-Presidential System

A

An executive system that divides power between two strong executives, a president and a prime minister

36
Q

Separation of Powers

A

The clear division of power among different branches of government and the provision that specific branches may check the power of other branches

37
Q

Single-Member District (SMD)

A

An electoral district with one seat

38
Q

Unicameral System

A

A political system in which the legislature comprises one house

39
Q

Vote of No Confidence

A

Vote taken by a legislature as to whether its members continue to support the current prime minister; depending on the country, a vote of no confidence can force the resignation of the prime minister and/or lead to new parliamentary elections

40
Q

Developed Democracies

A

A country with institutionalized democracy and a high level of economic development

41
Q

Intergovernmental System

A

A system in which two or more countries cooperate on issues

42
Q

Modern

A

Characterized as secular, rational, materialistic, technological, and bureaucratic, and placing a greater emphasis on individual freedom than in the past

43
Q

Postmodern

A

Characterized by a set of values that center on “quality of life” considerations and give less attention to material gain

44
Q

Supranational

A

An intergovernmental system with its own sovereign powers over member states

45
Q

Authoritarianism

A

A political system in which a small group of individuals exercises power over the state without being constitutionally responsible to the public

46
Q

Bureaucratic Authoritarianism

A

A system in which the state bureaucracy and the military share a belief that a technocratic leadership, focused on rational, objective, and technical expertise, can solve the problems of the country without public participation

47
Q

Clientelism

A

A process whereby the state co-opts members of the public by providing specific benefits or favors to a single person or a small group in return for public support

48
Q

Corporatism

A

A method of co-optation whereby authoritarian systems create or sanction a limited number of organizations to represent the interests of the public and restrict those not set up or approved by the state

49
Q

Illiberal Regime

A

A regime where democratic institutions that rest upon the rule of law are weakly institutionalized and poorly respected

50
Q

Kleptocracy

A

“Rule by theft,” where those in power seek only to drain the state of assets and resources

51
Q

Nondemocratic Regime

A

A political regime that is controlled by a small group of individuals who exercise power over the state without being constitutionally responsible to the public

52
Q

Patrimonialism

A

An arrangement whereby a ruler depends on a collection of supporters within the state who gain direct benefits in return for enforcing the ruler’s will

53
Q

Populism

A

A political view that does not have a consistent ideological foundation, but that emphasizes hostility toward elites and established state and economic institutions and favors greater power in the hands of the public

54
Q

Rent-Seeking

A

A process in which political leaders essentially rent out parts of the state to their patrons, who as a result control public goods that would otherwise be distributed in a nonpolitical manner

55
Q

Resource Trap / Curse

A

Theory of development in which the existence of natural resources in a given state is a barrier to modernization and democracy

56
Q

Totalitarianism

A

A nondemocratic regime that is highly centralized, possessing some form of strong ideology that seeks to transform and absorb fundamental aspects of state, society, and the economy, using a wide array of institutions

57
Q

Co-Optation

A

Members of the public are brought into a beneficial relationship with the state and government, often through corporatism or clientelism

58
Q

Coercion

A

Public obedience is enforced through violence and surveillance

59
Q

Personality Cult

A

The public is encouraged to obey the leader based on his or her extraordinary qualities and compelling ideas

Poli Sci (1 decks)

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