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Poli Sci > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Guerilla War

A

A conflict whereby non state combatants who largely abide by the rules of war target the state

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2
Q

Nihilism

A

A belief that all institutions and values are essentially meaningless and that the only redeeming value is violence

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3
Q

Ideational

A

Having to do with ideas

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4
Q

Political Violence

A

Violence outside of state control that is politically motivated

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5
Q

Relative Deprivation Model

A

Model that predicts revolution when public expectations outpace the rate of domestic change

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6
Q

Revolution

A

Public seizure of the state in order to overturn the existing government and regime

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7
Q

State Sponsored Terrorism

A

Terrorism supported directly by a state as an instrument of foreign policy

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8
Q

Terrorism

A

The use of violence by non-state actors against civilians in order to achieve a political goal

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9
Q

Abstract Review

A

Judicial review that allows the constitutional court to rule on questions that do not arise from actual legal disputes

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10
Q

Bicameral System

A

A political system in which the legislature comprises two houses

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11
Q

Civil Liberties

A

Individual rights regarding freedom that are created by the constitution and the political regime

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12
Q

Civil Rights

A

Individual rights regarding equality that are created by the constitution and the political regime

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13
Q

Civil Society

A

Organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interests

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14
Q

Concrete Review

A

Judicial review that allows the constitutional court to rule on the basis of actual legal disputes brought before it

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15
Q

Constituency

A

A geographical area that an elected official represents

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16
Q

Constitutional Court

A

The highest judicial body in a political system that decides whether laws and policies violate the constitution

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17
Q

Democracy

A

A political system in which political power is exercised either directly or indirectly by the people

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18
Q

Electoral System

A

A set of rules that decide how votes are cast, counted, and translated into seats in a legislature

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19
Q

Executive

A

The branch of government that carries out the laws and policies of a state

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20
Q

First Past the Post

A

An electoral system in which individual candidates compete in a single-member districts; voters choose b/w candidates, and the candidate with the largest share of the vote wins the seat

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21
Q

Head of Government

A

The executive role that deals with the everyday tasks of running the state, such as formulating and executing policy

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22
Q

Head of State

A

The executive role that symbolizes and represents the people both nationally and internationally

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23
Q

Initiative

A

A national vote called by members of the public to address a specific proposal

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24
Q

Judicial Review

A

The mechanism by which courts can review the actions of government and overturn those that violate the constitution

25
Legislature
The branch of government charged with making laws
26
Liberal Democracy
A political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights
27
Mixed Electoral System
An electoral system that uses a combination of single- member districts and proportional representation
28
Multi-Member District (MMD)
An electoral district with more than one seat
29
Parliamentary System
A political system in which the roles of head of state and head of government are assigned to separate executive offices
30
Presidential System
A political system in which the roles of head of state and head of government are combined in one executive office
31
Proportional Representation (PR)
An electoral system in which political parties compete in multimember districts; voters choose between parties, and the seats in the district are awarded proportionally according to the results of the vote
32
Referendum
A national vote called by a government to address a specific proposal, often a change to the constitution
33
Republicanism
Indirect democracy that emphasizes the separation of powers within a state and the representation of the public through elected officials
34
Rule of Law
A system in which all individuals and groups, including those in government, are subject to the law, irrespective of their power or authority
35
Semi-Presidential System
An executive system that divides power between two strong executives, a president and a prime minister
36
Separation of Powers
The clear division of power among different branches of government and the provision that specific branches may check the power of other branches
37
Single-Member District (SMD)
An electoral district with one seat
38
Unicameral System
A political system in which the legislature comprises one house
39
Vote of No Confidence
Vote taken by a legislature as to whether its members continue to support the current prime minister; depending on the country, a vote of no confidence can force the resignation of the prime minister and/or lead to new parliamentary elections
40
Developed Democracies
A country with institutionalized democracy and a high level of economic development
41
Intergovernmental System
A system in which two or more countries cooperate on issues
42
Modern
Characterized as secular, rational, materialistic, technological, and bureaucratic, and placing a greater emphasis on individual freedom than in the past
43
Postmodern
Characterized by a set of values that center on "quality of life" considerations and give less attention to material gain
44
Supranational
An intergovernmental system with its own sovereign powers over member states
45
Authoritarianism
A political system in which a small group of individuals exercises power over the state without being constitutionally responsible to the public
46
Bureaucratic Authoritarianism
A system in which the state bureaucracy and the military share a belief that a technocratic leadership, focused on rational, objective, and technical expertise, can solve the problems of the country without public participation
47
Clientelism
A process whereby the state co-opts members of the public by providing specific benefits or favors to a single person or a small group in return for public support
48
Corporatism
A method of co-optation whereby authoritarian systems create or sanction a limited number of organizations to represent the interests of the public and restrict those not set up or approved by the state
49
Illiberal Regime
A regime where democratic institutions that rest upon the rule of law are weakly institutionalized and poorly respected
50
Kleptocracy
"Rule by theft," where those in power seek only to drain the state of assets and resources
51
Nondemocratic Regime
A political regime that is controlled by a small group of individuals who exercise power over the state without being constitutionally responsible to the public
52
Patrimonialism
An arrangement whereby a ruler depends on a collection of supporters within the state who gain direct benefits in return for enforcing the ruler's will
53
Populism
A political view that does not have a consistent ideological foundation, but that emphasizes hostility toward elites and established state and economic institutions and favors greater power in the hands of the public
54
Rent-Seeking
A process in which political leaders essentially rent out parts of the state to their patrons, who as a result control public goods that would otherwise be distributed in a nonpolitical manner
55
Resource Trap / Curse
Theory of development in which the existence of natural resources in a given state is a barrier to modernization and democracy
56
Totalitarianism
A nondemocratic regime that is highly centralized, possessing some form of strong ideology that seeks to transform and absorb fundamental aspects of state, society, and the economy, using a wide array of institutions
57
Co-Optation
Members of the public are brought into a beneficial relationship with the state and government, often through corporatism or clientelism
58
Coercion
Public obedience is enforced through violence and surveillance
59
Personality Cult
The public is encouraged to obey the leader based on his or her extraordinary qualities and compelling ideas

Poli Sci (1 decks)

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