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Health Psychology Exam 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Stress

A

Stress is defined as a negative emotional
experience accompanied by predictable
biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and
behavioral changes

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2
Q

Primary Appraisal

A

Understanding what an event is and what it will mean

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3
Q

Secondary Appraisal

A

Assessing whether our personal resources are
sufficient to meet the demands of the stressor.

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4
Q

Fight or Flight

A

this is the response taken by the sympathetic and endocrine systems when the body perceives a threat

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5
Q

The three phases of General Adaptation Syndrome

A

alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

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6
Q

what are some of the limitations of General Adaptation Syndrome

A
  1. Continued activation accumulates the most
    damage to physiological systems
  2. The model assigns a limited role to psychological
    factors like coping and resiliency
    3.not all stressors produce this response
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7
Q

three stages of learned helplessness

A

uncontrollable bad events
perceived lack of control
generalized helpless behavior

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8
Q

What is learned helplessness

A

this is the belief that we can’t change the course of negative events- that failure is inevitable and insurmountable

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9
Q

list some of the social determinants of health

A

low socioeconomic status
exposure to violence
living in poverty-stricken neighborhoods
community lever stressors

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10
Q

Reactivity

A

Degree of change that occurs in
autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune
responses as a result of stress

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11
Q

Allostatic Load

A

psychological costs of chronic exposure to the psychological changes from repeated or chronic stress

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12
Q

What are some indicators of Allostatic Load

A

decreases in cell-mediated immunity
the inability to shut off cortisol in response to stress
lowered heart rate variability
elevated epinephrine levels
problems with memory
elevated blood pressure

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13
Q

What are some of the drawbacks of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale

A

a) some items on the life events list are vague
b)individual differences are not considered
c) does not assess whether stressful events have been successfully resolved
d) time between stress and illness does not correlate

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14
Q

What are daily hassles

A

minor stressful events that lead to psychological distress, physical symptoms, and increased use of health care services

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15
Q

Endogenous opioid peptides

A

Natural pain suppression system of the body

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16
Q

Stress-induced analgesia

A

Phenomenon where acute stress reduces sensitivity to pain

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17
Q

Acute-Pain

A

results from a specific injury that produces tissue damage

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18
Q

Chronic Pain

A

begins with an acute episode but does not decrease with treatment and the passage of time

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19
Q

Chronic Benign Pain

A

i. persists for 6 months or longer
ii. relatively unresponsive to treatment
iii. severity of pain varies

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20
Q

Chronic Progressive Pain

A

i. persists longer than six months and increases in severity over time
ii. associated with malignancies or degenerative disorders

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21
Q

pain prone personality

A

predisposes a person experience chronic pain

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22
Q

What are the personality attributes associated with chronic?

A

Neuroticism
Introversion
Use of passive coping strategies

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23
Q

Local anesthetics

A

affect the transmission of local pain impulses from peripheral receptors to the spinal cord.

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24
Q

Antidepressants

A

affect the downward pathways from the brain that modulate pain.

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25
Counterirritation
inhibiting pain in one part of the body by stimulating or mildly irritating another area
26
Relaxation Techniques
Shifting the body into a state of low arousal by progressively relaxing different parts of the body using controlled breathing
27
Distraction
Turning your attention away from pain
28
Coping Skills Training
helps chronic pain patients manage pain
29
What are the pain management program steps
i) initial evaluation ii) individualized treatment
30
What are the components of pain management programs
patient education involvement of family relapse prevention
31
Coping
Managing the external and internal demands of stressful situations using thoughts and behaviors
32
Optimism
promotes active and persistent coping efforts
33
Psychological Control
belief that one can exert control over stressful events
34
Control Enhancing Interventions
Use information, relaxing, and cognitive behavioral techniques to reduce anxiety, improve coping, and promote recovery
35
List the psychosocial resources
self-esteem conscientiousness emotional stability "Intellectual Horsepower"
36
Resilience
Helps Individuals bounce back and adapt flexibly to stressful situations.
37
Avoidant Coping Style
Coping by avoiding the stressor
38
Approach coping style
coping by gathering information and directly approaching the stressor
39
Problem-focused coping
Attempting to do something constructive about the stressful condition
40
Emotion-focused coping
regulating emotions experienced because of the stressful event.
41
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
a contemporary psychological theory that teaches individuals to accept the problem, be aware of the problem's occurrence and the conditions that cause it, and commit to behavior change
42
Mindful Meditation
teaches individuals to have a higher awareness and focus on the present and accept it.
43
Mindfulness-Based stress reduction
helps people to manage their reactions to stress and the resulting negative emotions
44
Relaxation Training
affects the psychological experience of stress by reducing arousal
45
What are some of the Relaxation Training methods?
Self-hypnosis deep breathing Progressive muscle relaxation training Guided Imagery Transcendental meditation and yoga
46
Expressive Writing
*Reduces psychological and physiological indicators of stress *Aids in effective coping *Helps organize thoughts and find meaning *Helps to focus attention on positive aspects *Provides an opportunity to clarify emotions *Affirms one’s personal values
47
Self-affirmation
Helps individuals feel better about themselves *Lowers physiological activity and distress *Reduces defensive reactions to health threats
48
Types of social support
emotional support invisible support informational support tangible assistance
49
Invisible support
helping someone without them being aware
50
Emotional support
reassuring someone that they are important and cared for
51
Informational Support
providing support through information
52
Tangible assistance
provision of material support
53
Direct effects hypothesis
social support is generally beneficial during stressful as well as unstressful events.
54
Buffering Hypothesis
physical and mental health benefits of social support are chiefly evident during times of stressful events.
55
What are some of the effective kinds of support
partnership familial support support from the community matching support to the stressor
56
Matching Hypothesis
support that meets the needs of a stressful event is the most effective support
57
Body image
these are perceptions thoughts and feelings about the body and bodily eperiences
58
Acute stress disorder
symptoms begin within 4 weeks f the event and last for less than one month
59
Posttraumatic stress disorder
symptoms may begin at any time following the event but must last longer than a month
60
Exposure and Response Prevention
tell the story until it bores you
61
students disease
students believe that they have the same symptoms as the disease they are studying
62
hypochondriasis
believe that normal bodily responses are indicators of illness
63
Social determinants of health
Individuals from less resourced neighborhoods use health care less than those from more resourced neighborhoods
64
Psychological Complaints
Nonmedical complaints that stem from anxiety and depression
65
endogenous opioid peptides
Opiates, including heroin and morphine, are pain control drugs manufactured from plants. Opioids are opiate-like substances, produced within the body, that constitute a neurochemically based, internal pain regulation system. Opioids are produced in many parts of the brain and glands of the body, and they project onto specific receptor sites in various parts of the body
66
Lay referral network
An informal network of family and friends who help an individual interpret and treat a disorder before the individual seeks formal medical treatment
67
medicare
for the elderly
68
Medicaid
for the poor

Health Psychology Exam 2 (1 decks)

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