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Health Psychology Exam 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Stress

A

Stress is defined as a negative emotional
experience accompanied by predictable
biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and
behavioral changes

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2
Q

Primary Appraisal

A

Understanding what an event is and what it will mean

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3
Q

Secondary Appraisal

A

Assessing whether our personal resources are
sufficient to meet the demands of the stressor.

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4
Q

Fight or Flight

A

this is the response taken by the sympathetic and endocrine systems when the body perceives a threat

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5
Q

The three phases of General Adaptation Syndrome

A

alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

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6
Q

what are some of the limitations of General Adaptation Syndrome

A
  1. Continued activation accumulates the most
    damage to physiological systems
  2. The model assigns a limited role to psychological
    factors like coping and resiliency
    3.not all stressors produce this response
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7
Q

three stages of learned helplessness

A

uncontrollable bad events
perceived lack of control
generalized helpless behavior

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8
Q

What is learned helplessness

A

this is the belief that we can’t change the course of negative events- that failure is inevitable and insurmountable

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9
Q

list some of the social determinants of health

A

low socioeconomic status
exposure to violence
living in poverty-stricken neighborhoods
community lever stressors

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10
Q

Reactivity

A

Degree of change that occurs in
autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune
responses as a result of stress

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11
Q

Allostatic Load

A

psychological costs of chronic exposure to the psychological changes from repeated or chronic stress

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12
Q

What are some indicators of Allostatic Load

A

decreases in cell-mediated immunity
the inability to shut off cortisol in response to stress
lowered heart rate variability
elevated epinephrine levels
problems with memory
elevated blood pressure

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13
Q

What are some of the drawbacks of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale

A

a) some items on the life events list are vague
b)individual differences are not considered
c) does not assess whether stressful events have been successfully resolved
d) time between stress and illness does not correlate

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14
Q

What are daily hassles

A

minor stressful events that lead to psychological distress, physical symptoms, and increased use of health care services

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15
Q

Endogenous opioid peptides

A

Natural pain suppression system of the body

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16
Q

Stress-induced analgesia

A

Phenomenon where acute stress reduces sensitivity to pain

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17
Q

Acute-Pain

A

results from a specific injury that produces tissue damage

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18
Q

Chronic Pain

A

begins with an acute episode but does not decrease with treatment and the passage of time

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19
Q

Chronic Benign Pain

A

i. persists for 6 months or longer
ii. relatively unresponsive to treatment
iii. severity of pain varies

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20
Q

Chronic Progressive Pain

A

i. persists longer than six months and increases in severity over time
ii. associated with malignancies or degenerative disorders

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21
Q

pain prone personality

A

predisposes a person experience chronic pain

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22
Q

What are the personality attributes associated with chronic?

A

Neuroticism
Introversion
Use of passive coping strategies

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23
Q

Local anesthetics

A

affect the transmission of local pain impulses from peripheral receptors to the spinal cord.

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24
Q

Antidepressants

A

affect the downward pathways from the brain that modulate pain.

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25
Q

Counterirritation

A

inhibiting pain in one part of the body by stimulating or mildly irritating another area

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26
Q

Relaxation Techniques

A

Shifting the body into a state of low arousal by progressively relaxing different parts of the body using controlled breathing

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27
Q

Distraction

A

Turning your attention away from pain

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28
Q

Coping Skills Training

A

helps chronic pain patients manage pain

29
Q

What are the pain management program steps

A

i) initial evaluation
ii) individualized treatment

30
Q

What are the components of pain management programs

A

patient education
involvement of family
relapse prevention

31
Q

Coping

A

Managing the external and internal demands of stressful situations using thoughts and behaviors

32
Q

Optimism

A

promotes active and persistent coping efforts

33
Q

Psychological Control

A

belief that one can exert control over stressful events

34
Q

Control Enhancing Interventions

A

Use information, relaxing, and cognitive behavioral techniques to reduce anxiety, improve coping, and promote recovery

35
Q

List the psychosocial resources

A

self-esteem
conscientiousness
emotional stability
“Intellectual Horsepower”

36
Q

Resilience

A

Helps Individuals bounce back and adapt flexibly to stressful situations.

37
Q

Avoidant Coping Style

A

Coping by avoiding the stressor

38
Q

Approach coping style

A

coping by gathering information and directly approaching the stressor

39
Q

Problem-focused coping

A

Attempting to do something constructive about the stressful condition

40
Q

Emotion-focused coping

A

regulating emotions experienced because of the stressful event.

41
Q

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

A

a contemporary psychological theory that teaches individuals to accept the problem, be aware of the problem’s occurrence and the conditions that cause it, and commit to behavior change

42
Q

Mindful Meditation

A

teaches individuals to have a higher awareness and focus on the present and accept it.

43
Q

Mindfulness-Based stress reduction

A

helps people to manage their reactions to stress and the resulting negative emotions

44
Q

Relaxation Training

A

affects the psychological experience of stress by reducing arousal

45
Q

What are some of the Relaxation Training methods?

A

Self-hypnosis
deep breathing
Progressive muscle relaxation training
Guided Imagery
Transcendental meditation and yoga

46
Q

Expressive Writing

A

*Reduces psychological and physiological indicators
of stress
*Aids in effective coping
*Helps organize thoughts and find meaning
*Helps to focus attention on positive aspects
*Provides an opportunity to clarify emotions
*Affirms one’s personal values

47
Q

Self-affirmation

A

Helps individuals feel better about themselves
*Lowers physiological activity and distress
*Reduces defensive reactions to health threats

48
Q

Types of social support

A

emotional support
invisible support
informational support
tangible assistance

49
Q

Invisible support

A

helping someone without them being aware

50
Q

Emotional support

A

reassuring someone that they are important and cared for

51
Q

Informational Support

A

providing support through information

52
Q

Tangible assistance

A

provision of material support

53
Q

Direct effects hypothesis

A

social support is generally beneficial during stressful as well as unstressful events.

54
Q

Buffering Hypothesis

A

physical and mental health benefits of social support are chiefly evident during times of stressful events.

55
Q

What are some of the effective kinds of support

A

partnership
familial support
support from the community
matching support to the stressor

56
Q

Matching Hypothesis

A

support that meets the needs of a stressful event is the most effective support

57
Q

Body image

A

these are perceptions thoughts and feelings about the body and bodily eperiences

58
Q

Acute stress disorder

A

symptoms begin within 4 weeks f the event and last for less than one month

59
Q

Posttraumatic stress disorder

A

symptoms may begin at any time following the event but must last longer than a month

60
Q

Exposure and Response Prevention

A

tell the story until it bores you

61
Q

students disease

A

students believe that they have the same symptoms as the disease they are studying

62
Q

hypochondriasis

A

believe that normal bodily responses are indicators of illness

63
Q

Social determinants of health

A

Individuals from less resourced neighborhoods use health care less than
those from more resourced neighborhoods

64
Q

Psychological Complaints

A

Nonmedical complaints that stem from anxiety and depression

65
Q

endogenous opioid peptides

A

Opiates, including heroin and morphine, are pain control drugs manufactured from plants. Opioids are opiate-like substances, produced within the body, that constitute a
neurochemically based, internal pain regulation system. Opioids are produced in many parts of the brain and glands of the body, and they project onto specific
receptor sites in various parts of the body

66
Q

Lay referral network

A

An informal network of family and friends who help an individual interpret and treat a disorder before the individual seeks formal medical treatment

67
Q

medicare

A

for the elderly

68
Q

Medicaid

A

for the poor

Health Psychology Exam 2 (1 decks)

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