Exam 2

Question 1

Anecdote

Answer 1

A short, amusing, and/or interesting story about a real incident or person

Question 2

Testimonial

Answer 2

A formal statement testifying to benefits received

Question 3

Case study

Answer 3

An intensive analysis of an individual

Question 4

Vivid information

Answer 4

Information that is likely to attract and hold attention, and to excite the imagination

Question 5

Vividness effect

Answer 5

Vividness of a story makes select information more accessible from memory

Question 6

Correlation

Answer 6

A statistical term used to describe the degree to which two variables change in a pattern together

Question 7

Correlation design/study

Answer 7

A type of research study wherein two or more variables and their relationship to one another are measured

Question 8

Correlation coefficient

Answer 8

Statistic ranging from -1 to 1 that is computed by assessing the strength and direction of an association between two variables

Question 9

Directionality problem

Answer 9

The inability to determine cause and effect between two variables that are correlated

Question 10

Third variable problem

Answer 10

A correlation between two variables may be due to the common correlation between each of the variables and a third variable

Question 11

Causality

Answer 11

Relationship between two variables such that change in one (IV) brings about change in the other (DV)

Question 12

Correlational study

Answer 12

A type of study wherein two or more variables and their relationship to one another are measured

Question 13

Experiment

Answer 13

A type of study that involves the direct manipulation of an independent variable while controlling for as many other variables that could influence the dependent variable as possible

Question 14

Independent variable IV

Answer 14

Variable that is manipulated by the experimenter

Question 15

Dependent variable DV

Answer 15

A variable being measured

Question 16

Experimental or treatment group

Answer 16

Participants who receive the treatment (IV)

Question 17

Control group or comparison group

Answer 17

Participants who do not receive the treatment or who receive an alternative treatment

Question 18

Random assignment

Answer 18

A procedure to create multiple study groups so that the groups are equivalent at the beginning of the study

Question 19

Quasi-experiment

Answer 19

A type of study that involves the use of pre-existing variables to group individuals

Question 20

Extraneous variables

Answer 20

Any variable not intentionally studied that presumably doesn’t affect the results of the study

Question 21

Confounding variable

Answer 21

An extraneous variable that correlates with both the IV and the DV

Question 22

Validity

Answer 22

The extent to which empirical evidence and theoretical rationales support the adequacy and appropriateness of conclusions drawn from some from of assessment

Question 23

Construct validity

Answer 23

The ability of a measurement tool or test to accurately measure what it’s supposed to measure

Question 24

Internal validity

Answer 24

The extent to which a piece of evidence supports a claim about cause and effect

Question 25

External validity

Answer 25

The extent to which the findings of a study are relevant to subjects and settings beyond those in the study

Question 26

External INvalidity

Answer 26

A term used to describe a study that violates external validity

Question 27

Confirmation bias

Answer 27

A type of selective thinking whereby we tend to notice and seek out what confirms our beliefs

Question 28

Self-serving bias

Answer 28

A bias in which we attribute our successes to internal factors