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a&p 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is cardiac output

A

How much blood is LEAVING the ventricle
Heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output

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2
Q

What is rate of perfusion

A

measurement of how much blood gets to the tissues over a certain period of time

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3
Q

what is endothelium

A

internal lining of the blood vessels and heart

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4
Q

which layer is endothelium found in? (vessels)

A

TUNICA INTMA

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5
Q

what epithelium type is found in endothelium?

A

simple squamous epithelium

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6
Q

what is hydrostatic?

A

at the arterial end
responsible for filtration
forces fluid out of vessels to tissues

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7
Q

colloid

A

at the venous end
responsible for reabsorption
draws fluid into vessels from surrounding tissues

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8
Q

systolic ?

A

measures MAXIMUM stretch during ventricular systole ( contraction )

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9
Q

diastolic?

A

measures when artery recoils no further during ventricular diastole ( relaxation)

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10
Q

angiogenesis

A

creating new blood cells
ex. gaining fat or muscle tissue will cause blood vessels to grow in that area

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11
Q

regression

A

blood vessels in areas that are no longer active may regress
ex. losing fat or muscle tissue

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12
Q

what do capillaries do?

A

serve as sites of exchange

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13
Q

layer of the artery walls referring to endothelium

A

Tunica intima

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14
Q

layer of the artery wall that is THICK

A

tunica media

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15
Q

layer of the artery wall that helps anchor arteries and veins to structures

A

tunica externa

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16
Q

walls of veins are ….

A

thin
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

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17
Q

artery lumen is ….

A

small

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18
Q

vein lumen is ….

A

large

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19
Q

valves ?

A

only present in veins … they prevent back flow

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20
Q

artery transports blood …?

A

away from heart

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21
Q

veins transport blood…?

A

towards the heart

22
Q

coronary arteries blood …?

A

deliver oxygenated blood to the heart

23
Q

coronary veins

A

deliver deoxygenated blood away from the heart

24
Q

Know the heart chambers and blood flow process

A
  1. Superior or inferior vena cava receives deoxygenated blood from upper or lower limbs and sends that to the right atrium
  2. blood goes through the tricuspid valves and enters the right ventricle
  3. right ventricle send blood through the pulmonary semilunar valves and goes to the pulmonary trunk
  4. pulmonary trunk sends blood to pulmonary arteries to the lungs to get oxygenated
  5. lungs send blood through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium
  6. left atrium sends blood through the bicuspid valves to left ventricles
  7. left ventricle sends blood to the aortic semilunar valves to the aortic arch where it is sent to the rest of the body.
25
Q

describe position of the heart

A

apex anteroinferiorly to the left

26
Q

ventricular walls are _____ than atria

A

thicker

27
Q

which ventricle is thicker? right or left?

A

left

28
Q

atria

A

receives blood from the veins

29
Q

ventricle

A

pumps blood into arteries

30
Q

epicardium

A

outside
areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue
simple squamous epithelium

31
Q

myocardium

A

middle
cardiac muscle

32
Q

endocardium

A

inside
made up of areolar connective tissue

33
Q

nodal cell rmp

A

-60 mv

34
Q

nodal cell @ threshold

A

-40 mv

35
Q

nodal cell @ depolarization

A

0 mv

36
Q

nodal cell @ repolarization

A

-60 mv

37
Q

cardiac muscle rmp

A

-90 mv

38
Q

cardiac muscle @ depolarization

A

+30 mv

39
Q

cardiac muscle @ plateau

A

+ 30 mv ( no change)

40
Q

cardiac muscle @ repolarization

A

-90 mv

41
Q

EKG

A

measures the electrical activity of the heart

42
Q

p wave

A

shows depolorization

43
Q

QRS

A

biggest peak showing ventricle depolarization

44
Q

t wave

A

shows repolarization

45
Q

sympathetic

A

increase heart rate
increase force of concentration
signals that travel thoracic nerves (t1-t5)

46
Q

parasympathetic

A

decreases heart rate
signals that travel to the heart along cranial nerve 10

47
Q

purpose of SA nodes, AV nodes, AV bundle and Purkinje fibers

A

apart of the conduction system that initiates and conducts electrical systems

48
Q

angiotensin 2 increases blood pressure by

A

vasoconstrictor
stimulates thirst center = more water makes more blood
decreases urine formation = keeps fluids in body

49
Q

what are intercalated discs?

A

link cells together found in the cardiac tissue

50
Q

what is chordae tendonae

A

collagen fibers that anchor from the papillary muscle

a&p 2 (1 decks)

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