Exam 2

Question 1

What is cardiac output

Answer 1

How much blood is LEAVING the ventricle
Heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output

Question 2

What is rate of perfusion

Answer 2

measurement of how much blood gets to the tissues over a certain period of time

Question 3

what is endothelium

Answer 3

internal lining of the blood vessels and heart

Question 4

which layer is endothelium found in? (vessels)

Answer 4

TUNICA INTMA

Question 5

what epithelium type is found in endothelium?

Answer 5

simple squamous epithelium

Question 6

what is hydrostatic?

Answer 6

at the arterial end
responsible for filtration
forces fluid out of vessels to tissues

Question 7

colloid

Answer 7

at the venous end
responsible for reabsorption
draws fluid into vessels from surrounding tissues

Question 8

systolic ?

Answer 8

measures MAXIMUM stretch during ventricular systole ( contraction )

Question 9

diastolic?

Answer 9

measures when artery recoils no further during ventricular diastole ( relaxation)

Question 10

angiogenesis

Answer 10

creating new blood cells
ex. gaining fat or muscle tissue will cause blood vessels to grow in that area

Question 11

regression

Answer 11

blood vessels in areas that are no longer active may regress
ex. losing fat or muscle tissue

Question 12

what do capillaries do?

Answer 12

serve as sites of exchange

Question 13

layer of the artery walls referring to endothelium

Answer 13

Tunica intima

Question 14

layer of the artery wall that is THICK

Answer 14

tunica media

Question 15

layer of the artery wall that helps anchor arteries and veins to structures

Answer 15

tunica externa

Question 16

walls of veins are ….

Answer 16

thin
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

Question 17

artery lumen is ….

Answer 17

small

Question 18

vein lumen is ….

Answer 18

large

Question 19

valves ?

Answer 19

only present in veins … they prevent back flow

Question 20

artery transports blood …?

Answer 20

away from heart

Question 21

veins transport blood…?

Answer 21

towards the heart

Question 22

coronary arteries blood …?

Answer 22

deliver oxygenated blood to the heart

Question 23

coronary veins

Answer 23

deliver deoxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 24

Know the heart chambers and blood flow process

Answer 24

1. Superior or inferior vena cava receives deoxygenated blood from upper or lower limbs and sends that to the right atrium
2. blood goes through the tricuspid valves and enters the right ventricle
3. right ventricle send blood through the pulmonary semilunar valves and goes to the pulmonary trunk
4. pulmonary trunk sends blood to pulmonary arteries to the lungs to get oxygenated
5. lungs send blood through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium
6. left atrium sends blood through the bicuspid valves to left ventricles
7. left ventricle sends blood to the aortic semilunar valves to the aortic arch where it is sent to the rest of the body.

Question 25

describe position of the heart

Answer 25

apex anteroinferiorly to the left

Question 26

ventricular walls are _____ than atria

Answer 26

thicker

Question 27

which ventricle is thicker? right or left?

Answer 27

left

Question 28

atria

Answer 28

receives blood from the veins

Question 29

ventricle

Answer 29

pumps blood into arteries

Question 30

epicardium

Answer 30

outside areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue simple squamous epithelium

Question 31

myocardium

Answer 31

middle cardiac muscle

Question 32

endocardium

Answer 32

inside made up of areolar connective tissue

Question 33

nodal cell rmp

Answer 33

-60 mv

Question 34

nodal cell @ threshold

Answer 34

-40 mv

Question 35

nodal cell @ depolarization

Answer 35

0 mv

Question 36

nodal cell @ repolarization

Answer 36

-60 mv

Question 37

cardiac muscle rmp

Answer 37

-90 mv

Question 38

cardiac muscle @ depolarization

Answer 38

+30 mv

Question 39

cardiac muscle @ plateau

Answer 39

+ 30 mv ( no change)

Question 40

cardiac muscle @ repolarization

Answer 40

-90 mv

Question 41

EKG

Answer 41

measures the electrical activity of the heart

Question 42

p wave

Answer 42

shows depolorization

Question 43

QRS

Answer 43

biggest peak showing ventricle depolarization

Question 44

t wave

Answer 44

shows repolarization

Question 45

sympathetic

Answer 45

increase heart rate increase force of concentration signals that travel thoracic nerves (t1-t5)

Question 46

parasympathetic

Answer 46

decreases heart rate signals that travel to the heart along cranial nerve 10

Question 47

purpose of SA nodes, AV nodes, AV bundle and Purkinje fibers

Answer 47

apart of the conduction system that initiates and conducts electrical systems

Question 48

angiotensin 2 increases blood pressure by

Answer 48

vasoconstrictor stimulates thirst center = more water makes more blood decreases urine formation = keeps fluids in body

Question 49

what are intercalated discs?

Answer 49

link cells together found in the cardiac tissue

Question 50

what is chordae tendonae

Answer 50

collagen fibers that anchor from the papillary muscle