exam 2 Flashcards
SPLIT BRAIN STUDIES
- sever corpus callosum to reduce severity of seizures
- leaves patient mostly normal, but with left and right brain independent in subtle ways
note visual pathways
left side of each eye sends info to left hemisphere
right side of each eye send info to right hemisphere
left visual field goes to
right hemisphere
right visual field goes to
left hemisphere
4 questions to ask
- Which side of the visual field was the image flashed on?
- Which hemisphere of the brain did the image go to?
- What ability does that hemisphere have?
- Which hand does that hemisphere control?
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
US (unconditioned stimulus)
UR (unconditioned response)
CS (conditioned stimulus)
CR (conditioned response)
US (unconditioned stimulus - e.g., food in mouth)
input to a reflex
UR (unconditioned response - e.g., salivation to food)
output of reflex
CS (conditioned stimulus - e.g., bell)
initially results in investigatory response, then habituation; after conditioning, results in CR
CR (conditioned response)
response to CS; measure amplitude, probability, latency
BEFORE TRAINING
Unconditioned Stimulus (food in mouth) → Unconditioned Response (salivation)
Conditioned Stimulus (e.g., tone) → No relevant response
TRAINING
Conditioned Stimulus (tone) + US (food in mouth)
AFTER TRAINING (that is, conditioning)
Unconditioned Stimulus (food in mouth) → Unconditioned Response (salivation)
Conditioned Stimulus (tone) → Conditioned Response (salivation)
extinction
Conditioned Response declines and disappears over trials without Unconditioned Stimulus
due to buildup in inhibition
spontaneous recovery
after rest interval, extinguished Conditioned Response reappears at almost previous strength, and extinguishes faster next time
due to dissipation of inhibition
contiguity
closeness in time is basis of acquisition of conditioned reflex (..?)
optimal time interval…
…between Conditioned Stimulus and Unconditioned Stimulus differs depending on particular response being conditioned; no. of trials required for conditioning varies too!
more intense conditioned stimulus
produces greater conditioned response (e.g., louder tone, brighter light → more salivation)
Higher order conditioning
- establish Conditioned Stimulus (e.g., bell → salivation)
- new Conditioned Stimulus is paired with old Conditioned Stimulus without Unconditioned Stimulus (e.g., tone → bell → salivation)
- eventually, new Conditioned Stimulus is established without Unconditioned Stimulus (e.g., tone → salivation)
second-order conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus acts as reinforcer for conditioned reflex
in higher order conditioning a Conditioned Stimulus acts like a Unconditioned Stimulus (“secondary reinforcer”)
generalization
similar stimuli produce similar response (pet both dogs and cats)
new stimulus similar to Conditioned Stimulus also produces Conditioned Response (e.g., different pitch tone still produces salivation)
discrimination
discrimination
observations on conditioning
involuntary responses involved
