exam 2 Flashcards
What is an enzyme made of?
Enzymes are proteins composed of amino acids linked together in one or more polypeptide chains.
Why do we need enzymes?
Enzymes help facilitate biochemical reactions in our bodies.
How do enzymes work?
Enzymes perform the critical task of lowering a reaction’s activation energy
What is the difference between a solution, colloid and suspension?
A solution and a colloid Cannot be separated by filtration, a suspension Can be separated by filtration.
What is DNA made of?
nucleotides.
what does DNA do for us?
DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce.
describe what DNA looks like
DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder — a shape known as a double helix.
hydrophobic
doesnt like water
hydrophilic
does like water
endergonic
In an endergonic reaction, energy is absorbed from the surroundings. The bonds being formed are weaker than the bonds being broken.
exergonic
In an exergonic reaction, energy is released to the surroundings. The bonds being formed are stronger than the bonds being broken.
different types of carbohydrates
Sugars, startches and fiber
what they are carbohydrates made of and their main job in the body.
They are complex carbohydrates, which are made of lots of simple sugars strung together. Your body needs to break starches down into sugars to use them for energy. Fiber. It is also a complex carbohydrate. Your body cannot break down most fibers, so eating foods with fiber can help you feel full and make you less likely to overeat.
dehydration and hydrolysis reactions
dehydration reactions involve the formation of new bonds, requiring energy, while hydrolysis reactions break bonds and release energy.
What are proteins made of?
Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids
What are proteins made of?
Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids
Describe proteins different structures and what happens when the structure changes.
long chains. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein.
Why is ATP our universal energy source?
These bonds are high energy because of the associated electronegative charges exerting a repelling force between the phosphate groups.
nucleotides differences between DNA and RNA.
RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose) and (b) RNA has the nucleobase uracil while DNA contains thymine.
What makes up a lipid?
Made of fatty acid monomers, and they are nonpolar.
What are the differences between the lipids?
Lipids are soluble in organic solvents but are insoluble in water. Fats are oily substances insoluble in water and sparingly soluble in substances like alcohol.
What are phospholipids and why are they necessary for cell membranes?
Phospholipids are major membrane lipids that consist of lipid bilayers. This basic cellular structure acts as a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults and more importantly, enables multiple cellular processes to occur in subcellular compartments
parts of cell theory.
All organisms are made of cells. 2) All existing cells are produced by other living cells. 3) The cell is the most basic unit of life.
What is a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic cells are cells containing membrane-bound organelles and are the basis for both unicellular and multicellular organisms. In contrast, prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane-bound organelles and are always part of unicellular organisms.
