Exam 2 Flashcards
blacklivesmatter
the movement has sought to highlight the abuse that the Black public faces from the police on an almost daily basis; police violence against blacks was out of control
active policing
preventing crime from occurring; being present and actively preventing crime from occurring
- ex. bait cars
adversarial system
two sides fight it out to obtain justice; believes the best way to determine punishment is to have 2 sides fight about it (judge just oversees the trial)
Appearance of Impropriety
making choices that question someone’s ethical reasoning (ex. police should mooch off of restaurants that give them a discount)
Gideon v Wainwright
established everyone charged of a crime has the right to an attorney
August Vollmer
head of police professionalism movement
Authoritarian Personality
Individuals whose identity is based on ensuring the obedience and submission of everybody else they encounter, who feel a need to dominate anybody who fails to respect their authority.
Bad Apples
The theory that only a few deviant police officers cause the rest of American police to get a bad reputation.
Bench Trial
A trial where the judge is both the finder of law and the finder of fact.
Biometrics
idea that we want organized info on criminals (mug shots, fingerprints) put into a system for all police to have access to
Blue Wall of Silence
The informal code among police officers that prevents them from reporting on abusive behaviors from their fellow officers
Bow street runners
included six paid constables to patrol the streets of London; first official police system in London
broken window policing
removing social ques criminals search for to decrease crime; idea by Mayor of NYC (idea that keeping the city clean and tidy would decrease crime)
civil forfeiture
The police practice of seizing goods that they believe are associated with criminal activity.
civilian review board
Government committees that are tasked with keeping an eye on police behavior and handling complaints from the public.
community policing
Attempts to break down barriers between the community and the police.
consent decree
agreement between the federal government and local police that police will change their practices; the court monitors them
courtroom work group
prosecutor/defense and judge meet in the judge’s chamber to decide on possible plea bargains
cryonism
government officials owe first loyalty to political masters, not the people (serve political elite above citizens)
cult of the blue
public idea that police are noble public servants that we shouldn’t criticize; we should always trust them because they protect us
dirty harry problem
The problem that the public often wants police officers to catch people who commit crimes and often approves of illegal means for doing so.
DWB
driving while black, a slang term that refers to the racial profiling of black drivers
entrapment
tricking or luring someone into committing a crime; a fine line between creating a circumstance where someone could commit a crime and causing someone who wasn’t going to commit a crime to commit one
epistemological function
figuring out the truth
excessive force
The use of too much force by the police or the use of force unnecessarily.
exclusionary rule
any evidence gathered without a warrant is thrown out in court
finder of fact/law
The person or group that determines the guilt or innocence of a defendant; usually the jury (fact)
The person at the trial who is officially authorized to determine what the law says (law)
formal policing
formally involves bureaucracy
Frank Serpico
NYPD detective that would accept corrupt money from the police department, they set him up and tried to get him killed so he wouldn’t expose them (they failed and he told the NY Times)
Frankpledge System
Policing system in medieval Europe relied on locals to police each other; 10 men would be on guard for the night
fruit of the poisoned tree
The principle that if evidence is gathered unlawfully, then any evidence that is gathered as a result of this evidence is not admissible in court.
grass eaters
Corrupt officers who accept bribes if they are offered to them but do not actively seek bribes.
hard hands
beating you, punching you, or use of batons; not lethal but more damage than soft hands