Exam 2

Question 1

A Eukaryotic organelle made up of a series of stacked membranes that sorts,tags, and packages lipids and proteins for distribution

Answer 1

Golgi Body

Question 2

The region of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes and engages in protein modification

Answer 2

Rough Endoplasmic

Question 3

The region of the endoplasmic reticulum that has few or no ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface and synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxifies chemicals like pesticides, preservatives, medications, and environmental pollutants, and stores calcium ions

Answer 3

Smooth Endoplasm

Question 4

A series of interconnected membranous structures within eukaryotic cells that collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids

Answer 4

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 5

A rigid cell covering made of cellulose in plants, peptidoglycan in bacteria, non-peptidoglycan compounds in Archaea, and chitin in fungi that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell

Answer 5

Cell Wall

Question 6

The darkly staining body within the nucleus that is responsible for assembling ribosomal subunits

Answer 6

Nucleolus

Question 7

The method of transporting material that requires energy

Answer 7

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 8

The cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in the production of ATP, the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule

Answer 8

Mitochondria

Question 9

Describes the pathway in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones, yielding energy as an additional product of the reaction

Answer 9

Catabolic

Question 10

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded (integral) or attached (peripheral) proteins that separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding environment

Answer 10

Plasma Membrane

Question 11

Describes a chemical reaction that results in products with less chemical potential energy than the reactants, plus the release of free energy

Answer 11

Exergonic

Question 12

The gel-like material of the cytoplasm in which cell structures are suspended

Answer 12

Cytosol

Question 13

The production of ATP by the transfer of electrons down the electron transport chain to create a proton gradient that is used by ATP synthase to add phosphate groups to ADP molecules

Answer 13

Redox Reactions

Question 14

Chromosomes of the same length with genes in the same location; diploid organisms have pairs and the members of each pair come from different parents

Answer 14

Homeologous Chromosomes

Question 15

Theory which states that all living things are composed of one or more cells, that the cell is the basic unit of life, and that all new cells arise from existing cells

Answer 15

Unified Cell Theory

Question 16

A plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis

Answer 16

Chloroplast

Question 17

The ordered sequence of events that a cell passes through between one cell division and the next

Answer 17

Cell Cycle

Question 18

The cell organelle that houses the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

Answer 18

Nucleus

Question 19

A process that takes macromolecules that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid; a variation of endocytosis

Answer 19

Pinocytosis

Question 20

A series of four large, multi-protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that accepts electrons from donor compounds and harvests energy from a series of chemical reactions to generate a hydrogen ion gradient across the membrane

Answer 20

Electron Transport Chain

Question 21

A model of the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components, including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and glycolipids, resulting in a fluid rather than static character

Answer 21

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 22

The process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH

Answer 22

Glycolysis

Question 23

A cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis

Answer 23

Ribosomes

Question 24

The reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules

Answer 24

Calvin Cycle

Question 25

The fluid-filled space surrounding the grana inside a chloroplast where the Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis take place

Answer 25

Stroma