Exam 2 Flashcards
attenuated
absorbed or scattered energy
photons
light particles
space charge
electron cloud at filament
remnant radiation
secondary radiation reaching image receptor
target material
tungsten rhenium alloy
focusing cup material
molybdenum
tube housing material
lead
filter material
aluminum
tube current controlled by
keV
filament current controlled by
mA
potential difference controlled by
Kv
ionizing radiation
charges atoms
photon
bundle of light energy
non-ionizing
not penetrating
light
non-ionizing radiation
The quantity of x-ray photons delivered to the patient is primarily controlled by
mA (milliamperage)
The ability to see the differences in tissue opacities
contrast resolution
The distance between the anatomical part and the x-ray source is commonly referred to as
Source Object Distance
The sharpness or definition of an image’s outline is primarily controlled by
filament size
The overall blackening of a radiographic image
density
The primary controlling factor for radiographic contrast
kV
Which factor is primarily responsible for true representation of an anatomical part
Source Image Distance
Possession of sufficient density, adequate penetration and appropriate contrast results in
resolution
Term used to describe the measurement of the difference in radiographic densities
contrast
Density can be described as
tones of blackness throughout an image
Criteria when evaluating sufficient density on a radiograph
image background is black, clear visualization of anatomy
Energy emitted from the x-ray tube is referred to as
intensity
The primary function of mAs during the creation of a radiographic image is to
regulate density
The darkening on a radiographic image as a result of radiation exposure is
density
Osteoporosis is a common diagnostic finding in females over 50 years old. When radiographing a patient with osteoporosis, the R.T. should do which of the following?
decrease mAs by 30%
osteoporosis
demineralization of bones
acromegaly
enlargement of extremities
cirrhosis
enlargement of liver
osteomyelitis
infection in bone
fluid accumulation within the peritoneal cavity causes an increase in tissue thickness. The free fluid, has a unique “ground glass” appearance
ascities
a defect in bone mineralization
results in decreased composition of the affected bone
osteomalacia
reduction in size
atrophy
softening of the bone
osteomalacia
inflammation of the joints results in a destruction of adjoining bone tissue, which decreases the composition of the part
arthritis
benign tumor at end of bones
osteochondroma
irreversible dilation of part of the bronchial tree caused by destruction of the muscle and elastic tissue
bronchiectasis
balloon-like bulge (dilation) of a vessel
aneurysm
additive pathologies is a result of exposure to asbestos or fertilizer dust
pneumoconiosis
pathologies is characterized by fluid in the lung from an inflammatory condition usually caused by infection resulting from viruses or bacteria
pneumonia
atelectasis
A collapsed lung
An infection by a mycobacteria causes the inflammatory response resulting in fluid filling the lung is termed
tuberculosis
an encapsulated infection increases tissue thickness and may alter composition, particularly in the lungs
Abscess
swelling causes an increase in tissue thickness and may alter composition if it occurs in the lungs
Edema
an abnormal new growth in tissue results in
an increase in tissue thickness
Tumors
a wasting away of body tissue with diminished cell proliferation, resulting in reduced thickness
Atrophy
a generalized wasting away of body tissue, resulting in reduced thickness of the body
Emaciation
the chronic dilatation of the bronchi can result in peribronchial thickening
Bronchiectasis
pus in the thoracic cavity causes an increase in tissue density
Empyema
the removal of a lung will cause
the affected side to demonstrate an increase in IR exposure because normal air-filled lung tissue is removed
Pneumonectomy
when fluid fills the interstitial
lung tissues and the alveoli, tissue density increases
Pulmonary Edema
an infection by a mycobacteria causes the inflammatory response, which results in an increase in fluid in the lungs
Tuberculosis (advanced/
miliary)
the overdistention of the lung tissues by air will result in a decrease in lung tissue density
Emphysema
fluid accumulation within the peritoneal cavity causes an increase in tissue thickness. The free fluid has a unique “ground glass” appearance
Ascites
an increase occurs in bone cell activity, which leads to new bone growth. The result is increased bone thickness, with the pelvis, spine, and skull most often affected
Paget’s Disease
an increase in hardening as a result of a chronic inflammation in bone. This increases the density of the bone tissue
Sclerosis
malignancies in bone can cause an osteolytic process, resulting in decreased thickness and composition of the part
Carcinoma
death of bone tissue results in a
decrease in composition and thickness of the part
Aseptic Necrosis
inflammation of the joints
results in a destruction of adjoining bone tissue, which decreases the composition of the part
Degenerative Arthritis
this malignant tumor of the metaphysis of bone causes an osteolytic lesion with a “moth-eaten” appearance. The result is reduced bone composition
Fibrosarcoma
during the chronic stages of this metabolic disease, areas of bone destruction result in punched-out lesions that reduce the bone composition
Gout
oversecretion of the parathyroid hormone causes calcium to leave bone and enter the bloodstream. The bone becomes demineralized and composition is decreased
Hyperparathyroidism
this malignant tumor arises from
plasma cells of bone marrow and causes punched-out osteolytic areas on the bone. Often many sites are affected and reduced bone tissue composition results
Multiple Myeloma
when some malignancies spread to bone they produce destruction of the bone, resulting in reduced composition
Osteolytic Metastases
a defect in bone mineralization
results in decreased composition of the affected bone
Osteomalacia
a defect in bone production due to the failure of osteoblasts to lay down bone matrix results in decreased composition of the affected bone
Osteoporosis
Contrast is best described as
the differences in image densities
Density controlled by
mAs
