Exam 2 Flashcards
Rest
Varies from minutes to days/weeks
Depends on severity of injury
Control effects of trauma
Minimize additional damage
Can include crutches, braces, boots, knee walkers, etc. to incorporate rest and support
Ice
Form of cold therapy
Reduces pain and swelling
Ice bag for 20-30 minutes allowing for rewarding in between applications (about an hour)
Apply as often as possible for a minimum of 5-6 times per day
Compression
Controls/reduces edema
Support
Pain relief
Apply day and night
Elevation
Venous return, limits fluids pooling
Level
Equipment
Length of time
Combination with other modalities
What is the application of RICE?
Best approach to the care of soft tissue injury is RICE along with prescribed pharmacologic agents and supervised rehab exercise
What does each letter of the RICE acronym represent?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
What are the four motions of the foot/ankle?
Dorisflexion (flex)
Plantarflexion (point)
Inversion (in)
Eversion (out)
What are common signs/symptoms of lower leg/foot fracture?
Swelling and/or deformity at the site of fracture
Possible broken bone end projecting through skin
Inability to bear weight on the affected leg
Discoloration at the site
Athlete reports of a snap or pop was heard
Point of tenderness for stress/growth plates
What are common signs/symptoms of lateral ankle sprain?
What are common signs/symptoms of medial ankle sprain?
What are common signs/symptoms of chronic compartment syndrome?
Pain and swelling in lower leg
Loss of sensation or motor control of lower leg/foot
Inability to use muscles in compartment
Loss of pulse in foot
What are common signs/symptoms of high ankle sprain (tib/fib)?
Dorsiflexion followed by axial loading with external rotation of the foot
Positive sprain test
In great pain
“Squeeze test” elicits pain in syndesmosis area
What are common signs/symptoms of achilles tendonitis?
Increased temperature in the immediate area
Tendon is painful on touch and movement and appears thickened
The pain associated with this condition is localized to a small area of the tendon and typically intensifies when movement is initiated after rest
What are common signs/symptoms of acute compartment syndrome?
Pain and swelling in lower leg
Loss of sensation or motor control of lower leg/foot
Inability to use muscles in compartment
Loss of pulse in foot
What are common signs/symptoms of shin splints?
Lower leg pain either medially or posteromedially
Reports of chronic problem that progressively worsens
Pain can be unilateral or bilateral
1st-degree ankle sprain
Pain
Mild disability
Point tenderness
Little laxity
Little or no swelling
3rd-degree ankle sprain
Pain and severe disability
Point tenderness
Loss of function
Laxity
Moderate to severe swelling
2nd-degree ankle sprain
Pain
Mild to moderate disability
Point tenderness
Loss of function
Some laxity
Swelling mild-moderate
What should be done in providing first aid care for lower leg/foot fracture?
Immobilize the foot and leg using a sprint
Apply sterile dressing to any open wounds
Watch and treat for shock
Arrange for transport to a medical facility
What should be done in providing first aid care for lateral ankle sprain?
RICE
Apply a horeseshoe or doughnut shaped pad
Crutches if needed
Referral if questioning severity of the ankle sprain
Allow time for recovery, rehab, and return to play
What should be done in providing first aid care for medial ankle sprain?
What should be done in providing first aid care for high ankle sprain (tib/fib)?
Immediately ice, compress, and elevate
Apply a doughnut-shaped pad and elastic wrap for compression
Rest and use crutches for first 72 hours, followed by wearing a WALKING BOOT for 3-7 days
Refer athlete to a medical facility for physician’s evaluation
What should be done in providing first aid care for achilles tendinitis?
Not necessary if chronic
Rest, ice, compression, protection
What should be done in providing first aid care for acute compartment syndrome
Apply ice and have the individual rest
Elevate
DO NOT APPLY COMPRESSION
Use NSAIDS
Analyze gait
Seek medical advice if numbness, loss of movement, or loss of pulse=medical emergency
What should be done in providing first aid care for chronic compartment syndrome?
Apply ice and have the individual rest
Elevate
DO NOT APPLY COMPRESSION
Use NSAIDS
Analyze gait
Seek medical advice if numbness, loss of movement, or loss of pulse=medical emergency
What should be done in providing first aid care for shin splints?
Apply ice and have individual rest
Use NSAIDs
Analyze gait for biomechanical deficiencies
Seek medical advice if worsens
What are the four ligaments of the knee (name and abbreviations)?
What is the name of cartilage disks in the knee?
ACL
PCL
MCL
LCL
Knee ligament injury occurance
MCL, LCL, ACL., PCL
LCL role
Helps keep the outer side of your knee joint stable
LCL
Sprain to LCL is a less common sports injury
Hit to the medial portion of the knee
MCL role
Prevent the leg from extending too far inward
MCL
Sprain to MCL is a common sports injury
Hit to the lateral portion of the knee
PCL role
One of the main stabilizers of the knee joint and serves primarily to resist excessive posterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur
PCL
Injured when the lower leg moves forcefully in a posterior direction
Injured when the femur gets pushed forward while the tibia is held in place
ACL
Injured when the tibia moves forcefully in an anterior direction
Injured when femur gets pushed backward while tibia is held in place
Quick rotational movements without contact, stops and starts, awkward landings
Non-contact injury
ACL role
Resists the combined motions of anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation
What is the importance of the Q-angle?
Is an anatomical main cause to an ACL injury
It increases the lateral pull of the quadriceps, making the ACL more vulnerable
In addition, females tend to have a narrower intercondylar notch, which predisposes to increased ACL injury
What are common signs/symptoms of femoral fracture?
What are common signs/symptoms of myositis ossificans?
What are common signs/symptoms of thigh muscle strain?
What are common signs/symptoms of patellar dislocation/subluxation?
Severe pain and abnormal movement of the patella when the injury occurred
Patella may be obviously out-of-place
Swelling and extreme pain along the medial aspect of the patella
What are common signs/symptoms of Osgood-Schlatter Disease?
Pain and tenderness about the patellar tendon complex
Swelling in the area
Decreased ability to use the quads
Area of over tibial tuberosity may become solid when palpated
What are common signs/symptoms of jumper’s knee?
Pain and tenderness around the patellar tendon complex that may spread to tibial tuberosity
Decreased ability to use quadriceps for running or jumping
Symptoms that worsen the activity
What are common signs/symptoms of chondromalacia?
What are common signs/symptoms of torn meniscus?
Pop or snap when the knee was injured
May not see any significant swelling
May not be painful
Loss of ROM
Can continue participation
Giving out of the knee periodically
What are common signs/symptoms of ACL tear?
Knee was forced beyond normal ROM
Pain at the site of the injury
Swelling around the knee
Knee feels unstable
Snapping or popping sensation at the time of injury
What are common signs/symptoms of MCL sprain?
What should be done in providing first aid care for femoral fracture?
What should be done in providing first aid care for myositis ossificans?
What should be done in providing first aid care for thigh muscle strain?
What should be done in providing first aid care for patellar dislocation/subluxation?
Apply ice and compression
Elevate
Splint entire leg
Transport to a medical facility
What should be done in providing first aid care for Osgood-Schlatter Disease?
Apply ice and compression
Refer to physician for specific diagnosis
Until inflammation subsides, rest
What should be done in providing first aid care for jumper’s knee?
What should be done in providing first aid care for chondromalacia?
Apply ice and compression
Refer to physician for possible anti-inflammatory medications
Rest, strengthening, and stretching
What should be done in providing first aid care for torn meniscus?
Apply ice and compression
Use crutches
Refer to physician
What should be done in providing first aid care for ACL tear?
Apply ice and compression immediately
Walk on crutches
Refer to physician
What should be done in providing first aid care for MCL sprain?
Which of the following injuries to the thigh, leg, and knee are emergency conditions?
Femoral fracture
Torn meniscus
ACL tear
Which of the following are overuse conditions to the thigh, leg, and/or knee?
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Jumper’s knee
Which of the following injuries to the thigh, leg, or knee require a follow-up with a physician, but not a medical emergency?
What is the most common knee ligament sprained?
MCL
What prevention strategies are used to prevent ACL injuries?
Proper footwear and surface
Hormones
Strengthening and recruiting muscle fibers
Working on joint stiffness and muscular fatigue
Landing technique
What type of joint is the hip?
Femoroacetabular
What are common signs/symptoms of a fractured pelvis?
Abnormal pain, swelling, accompanies with visual or palpable deformity in pelvic region
Pain elicited when iliac crests are pressed together
Injury to internal organs may be associated
What are common signs/symptoms of tronchanteric bursitis?
Snapping hip syndrome
Middle aged people (runners)
What are common signs/symptoms of hip pointer?
Swelling
Pain
Discoloration
Limp
Pain with couching, sneezing, and laughing
What are common signs/symptoms of hip dislocation?
Pain and loss of movement in affected leg
Hip is flexed and knee of the involved leg is angled toward the opposite leg
Swelling that is palpable
What are common signs/symptoms of avulsion fractures?
Snapping and popping sensation apon injury
Pain and swelling at site of injury
Point tenderness and bruising over injury
Inability to use the muscle group involved due to avulsion
What are common signs/symptoms of hernia?
Deep groin pain that doesn’t have specific onsent and gradually worsens
No palpable hernia but complains of pain in groin or lower abdominal area
What are common signs/symptoms of testicular or scrotal contusion?
Extreme pain and point tenderness
Assuming fetal position and grasping testicles
Report of blow to the testicles
Acute injuries to the hip and pelvis
Chronic/overuse injuries to the hip and pelvis
What should be done in providing first-aid care for fractured pelvis?
Treat for shock and internal bleeding while monitoring vital signs
Arrange for transportation to a medical facility on a spine board, elevated at the feet
What should be done in providing first-aid care for trochanteric bursitis?
Stretcing
Ice
Anti-inflammatories
Rest
What should be done in providing first-aid care for hip pointer?
Apply ice immediately
Rest and avoid activities
Crutches in severe cases
Permit limited participation within 1 to 2 weeks
Pad for protection upon return to sport
What should be done in providing first-aid care for avulsion fracture?
Immediately apply ice and limit movement
Crutches
Refer to a physician
What should be done in providing first-aid care for hernia?
Surgical intervention
What should be done in providing first-aid care for testicular or scrotal contusion?
Apply ice, allow rest lying down
Transport to medical care
Which of the hip and pelvis injuries would require EMS transport?
Hip dislocation
Fractured pelvis
What options are available to protect these areas from injury or reinjury?
What is referred pain and its role with injuries to the thorax and abdomen?
When the pain you feel in one part of your body is actually caused by pain or injury in another part of your body
Referred pain to shoulder or low back
What are common signs/symptoms of rib/sternum fracture?
Extreme localized pain that is worsened by sneezing, coughing, and forced inhalation
Athlete grasps chest wall at point of injury
Mild swelling at site; there may be bony deformity
Breathing difficulties; rapid shallow breathing
What are common signs/symptoms of heart injuries-HCM and commotio cortis?
Chest injury
Severe chest pain for breathing problems
Fainting
Decreases in heart rate and BP
What are common signs/symptoms of kidney contusion?
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
What are common signs/symptoms of lacerated spleen?
Kehr’s sign (radiating pain to left shoulder)
What should be done in providing first aid care for rib/sternum fracture?
Monitor vital signs and watch for respiratory distress
Transport to medical facility
What should be done in providing first aid care for heart injuries-HCM and commotio cortis?
Emergency action plan and use of AED
Closely observe individual
Ask questions
What should be done in providing first aid care for kidney contusion?
I need help!!!!! :)
What should be done in providing first aid care for lacerated spleen?
Which of the following injuries to the thorax and abdomen are medical emergencies with EMS transport necessary?
