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EXS 354 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Rest

A

Varies from minutes to days/weeks

Depends on severity of injury

Control effects of trauma

Minimize additional damage

Can include crutches, braces, boots, knee walkers, etc. to incorporate rest and support

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2
Q

Ice

A

Form of cold therapy

Reduces pain and swelling

Ice bag for 20-30 minutes allowing for rewarding in between applications (about an hour)

Apply as often as possible for a minimum of 5-6 times per day

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3
Q

Compression

A

Controls/reduces edema

Support

Pain relief

Apply day and night

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4
Q

Elevation

A

Venous return, limits fluids pooling

Level

Equipment

Length of time

Combination with other modalities

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5
Q

What is the application of RICE?

A

Best approach to the care of soft tissue injury is RICE along with prescribed pharmacologic agents and supervised rehab exercise

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6
Q

What does each letter of the RICE acronym represent?

A

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

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7
Q

What are the four motions of the foot/ankle?

A

Dorisflexion (flex)

Plantarflexion (point)

Inversion (in)

Eversion (out)

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8
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of lower leg/foot fracture?

A

Swelling and/or deformity at the site of fracture

Possible broken bone end projecting through skin

Inability to bear weight on the affected leg

Discoloration at the site

Athlete reports of a snap or pop was heard

Point of tenderness for stress/growth plates

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9
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of lateral ankle sprain?

A
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10
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of medial ankle sprain?

A
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11
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of chronic compartment syndrome?

A

Pain and swelling in lower leg

Loss of sensation or motor control of lower leg/foot

Inability to use muscles in compartment

Loss of pulse in foot

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12
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of high ankle sprain (tib/fib)?

A

Dorsiflexion followed by axial loading with external rotation of the foot

Positive sprain test

In great pain

“Squeeze test” elicits pain in syndesmosis area

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13
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of achilles tendonitis?

A

Increased temperature in the immediate area

Tendon is painful on touch and movement and appears thickened

The pain associated with this condition is localized to a small area of the tendon and typically intensifies when movement is initiated after rest

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14
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of acute compartment syndrome?

A

Pain and swelling in lower leg

Loss of sensation or motor control of lower leg/foot

Inability to use muscles in compartment

Loss of pulse in foot

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15
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of shin splints?

A

Lower leg pain either medially or posteromedially

Reports of chronic problem that progressively worsens

Pain can be unilateral or bilateral

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16
Q

1st-degree ankle sprain

A

Pain

Mild disability

Point tenderness

Little laxity

Little or no swelling

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17
Q

3rd-degree ankle sprain

A

Pain and severe disability

Point tenderness

Loss of function

Laxity

Moderate to severe swelling

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18
Q

2nd-degree ankle sprain

A

Pain

Mild to moderate disability

Point tenderness

Loss of function

Some laxity

Swelling mild-moderate

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19
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for lower leg/foot fracture?

A

Immobilize the foot and leg using a sprint

Apply sterile dressing to any open wounds

Watch and treat for shock

Arrange for transport to a medical facility

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20
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for lateral ankle sprain?

A

RICE

Apply a horeseshoe or doughnut shaped pad

Crutches if needed

Referral if questioning severity of the ankle sprain

Allow time for recovery, rehab, and return to play

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21
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for medial ankle sprain?

A
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22
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for high ankle sprain (tib/fib)?

A

Immediately ice, compress, and elevate

Apply a doughnut-shaped pad and elastic wrap for compression

Rest and use crutches for first 72 hours, followed by wearing a WALKING BOOT for 3-7 days

Refer athlete to a medical facility for physician’s evaluation

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23
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for achilles tendinitis?

A

Not necessary if chronic

Rest, ice, compression, protection

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24
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for acute compartment syndrome

A

Apply ice and have the individual rest

Elevate

DO NOT APPLY COMPRESSION

Use NSAIDS

Analyze gait

Seek medical advice if numbness, loss of movement, or loss of pulse=medical emergency

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25
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for chronic compartment syndrome?

A

Apply ice and have the individual rest

Elevate

DO NOT APPLY COMPRESSION

Use NSAIDS

Analyze gait

Seek medical advice if numbness, loss of movement, or loss of pulse=medical emergency

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26
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for shin splints?

A

Apply ice and have individual rest

Use NSAIDs

Analyze gait for biomechanical deficiencies

Seek medical advice if worsens

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27
Q

What are the four ligaments of the knee (name and abbreviations)?

A
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28
Q

What is the name of cartilage disks in the knee?

A

ACL

PCL

MCL

LCL

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29
Q

Knee ligament injury occurance

A

MCL, LCL, ACL., PCL

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30
Q

LCL role

A

Helps keep the outer side of your knee joint stable

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31
Q

LCL

A

Sprain to LCL is a less common sports injury

Hit to the medial portion of the knee

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32
Q

MCL role

A

Prevent the leg from extending too far inward

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33
Q

MCL

A

Sprain to MCL is a common sports injury

Hit to the lateral portion of the knee

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34
Q

PCL role

A

One of the main stabilizers of the knee joint and serves primarily to resist excessive posterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur

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35
Q

PCL

A

Injured when the lower leg moves forcefully in a posterior direction

Injured when the femur gets pushed forward while the tibia is held in place

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36
Q

ACL

A

Injured when the tibia moves forcefully in an anterior direction

Injured when femur gets pushed backward while tibia is held in place

Quick rotational movements without contact, stops and starts, awkward landings

Non-contact injury

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37
Q

ACL role

A

Resists the combined motions of anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation

38
Q

What is the importance of the Q-angle?

A

Is an anatomical main cause to an ACL injury

It increases the lateral pull of the quadriceps, making the ACL more vulnerable

In addition, females tend to have a narrower intercondylar notch, which predisposes to increased ACL injury

39
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of femoral fracture?

A
40
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of myositis ossificans?

A
41
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of thigh muscle strain?

A
42
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of patellar dislocation/subluxation?

A

Severe pain and abnormal movement of the patella when the injury occurred

Patella may be obviously out-of-place

Swelling and extreme pain along the medial aspect of the patella

43
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of Osgood-Schlatter Disease?

A

Pain and tenderness about the patellar tendon complex

Swelling in the area

Decreased ability to use the quads

Area of over tibial tuberosity may become solid when palpated

44
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of jumper’s knee?

A

Pain and tenderness around the patellar tendon complex that may spread to tibial tuberosity

Decreased ability to use quadriceps for running or jumping

Symptoms that worsen the activity

45
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of chondromalacia?

A
46
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of torn meniscus?

A

Pop or snap when the knee was injured

May not see any significant swelling

May not be painful

Loss of ROM

Can continue participation

Giving out of the knee periodically

47
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of ACL tear?

A

Knee was forced beyond normal ROM

Pain at the site of the injury

Swelling around the knee

Knee feels unstable

Snapping or popping sensation at the time of injury

48
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of MCL sprain?

A
49
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for femoral fracture?

A
50
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for myositis ossificans?

A
51
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for thigh muscle strain?

A
52
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for patellar dislocation/subluxation?

A

Apply ice and compression

Elevate

Splint entire leg

Transport to a medical facility

53
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for Osgood-Schlatter Disease?

A

Apply ice and compression

Refer to physician for specific diagnosis

Until inflammation subsides, rest

54
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for jumper’s knee?

A
55
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for chondromalacia?

A

Apply ice and compression

Refer to physician for possible anti-inflammatory medications

Rest, strengthening, and stretching

56
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for torn meniscus?

A

Apply ice and compression

Use crutches

Refer to physician

57
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for ACL tear?

A

Apply ice and compression immediately

Walk on crutches

Refer to physician

58
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for MCL sprain?

A
59
Q

Which of the following injuries to the thigh, leg, and knee are emergency conditions?

A

Femoral fracture

Torn meniscus

ACL tear

60
Q

Which of the following are overuse conditions to the thigh, leg, and/or knee?

A

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Jumper’s knee

61
Q

Which of the following injuries to the thigh, leg, or knee require a follow-up with a physician, but not a medical emergency?

A
62
Q

What is the most common knee ligament sprained?

A

MCL

63
Q

What prevention strategies are used to prevent ACL injuries?

A

Proper footwear and surface

Hormones

Strengthening and recruiting muscle fibers

Working on joint stiffness and muscular fatigue

Landing technique

64
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

Femoroacetabular

65
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of a fractured pelvis?

A

Abnormal pain, swelling, accompanies with visual or palpable deformity in pelvic region

Pain elicited when iliac crests are pressed together

Injury to internal organs may be associated

66
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of tronchanteric bursitis?

A

Snapping hip syndrome

Middle aged people (runners)

67
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of hip pointer?

A

Swelling

Pain

Discoloration

Limp

Pain with couching, sneezing, and laughing

68
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of hip dislocation?

A

Pain and loss of movement in affected leg

Hip is flexed and knee of the involved leg is angled toward the opposite leg

Swelling that is palpable

69
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of avulsion fractures?

A

Snapping and popping sensation apon injury

Pain and swelling at site of injury

Point tenderness and bruising over injury

Inability to use the muscle group involved due to avulsion

70
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of hernia?

A

Deep groin pain that doesn’t have specific onsent and gradually worsens

No palpable hernia but complains of pain in groin or lower abdominal area

71
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of testicular or scrotal contusion?

A

Extreme pain and point tenderness

Assuming fetal position and grasping testicles

Report of blow to the testicles

72
Q

Acute injuries to the hip and pelvis

A
73
Q

Chronic/overuse injuries to the hip and pelvis

A
74
Q

What should be done in providing first-aid care for fractured pelvis?

A

Treat for shock and internal bleeding while monitoring vital signs

Arrange for transportation to a medical facility on a spine board, elevated at the feet

75
Q

What should be done in providing first-aid care for trochanteric bursitis?

A

Stretcing

Ice

Anti-inflammatories

Rest

76
Q

What should be done in providing first-aid care for hip pointer?

A

Apply ice immediately

Rest and avoid activities

Crutches in severe cases

Permit limited participation within 1 to 2 weeks

Pad for protection upon return to sport

77
Q

What should be done in providing first-aid care for avulsion fracture?

A

Immediately apply ice and limit movement

Crutches

Refer to a physician

78
Q

What should be done in providing first-aid care for hernia?

A

Surgical intervention

79
Q

What should be done in providing first-aid care for testicular or scrotal contusion?

A

Apply ice, allow rest lying down

Transport to medical care

80
Q

Which of the hip and pelvis injuries would require EMS transport?

A

Hip dislocation

Fractured pelvis

81
Q

What options are available to protect these areas from injury or reinjury?

A
82
Q

What is referred pain and its role with injuries to the thorax and abdomen?

A

When the pain you feel in one part of your body is actually caused by pain or injury in another part of your body

Referred pain to shoulder or low back

83
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of rib/sternum fracture?

A

Extreme localized pain that is worsened by sneezing, coughing, and forced inhalation

Athlete grasps chest wall at point of injury

Mild swelling at site; there may be bony deformity

Breathing difficulties; rapid shallow breathing

84
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of heart injuries-HCM and commotio cortis?

A

Chest injury

Severe chest pain for breathing problems

Fainting

Decreases in heart rate and BP

85
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of kidney contusion?

A

Blood in the urine (hematuria)

86
Q

What are common signs/symptoms of lacerated spleen?

A

Kehr’s sign (radiating pain to left shoulder)

87
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for rib/sternum fracture?

A

Monitor vital signs and watch for respiratory distress

Transport to medical facility

88
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for heart injuries-HCM and commotio cortis?

A

Emergency action plan and use of AED

Closely observe individual

Ask questions

89
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for kidney contusion?

A

I need help!!!!! :)

90
Q

What should be done in providing first aid care for lacerated spleen?

A
91
Q

Which of the following injuries to the thorax and abdomen are medical emergencies with EMS transport necessary?

A

EXS 354 (1 decks)

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