Exam 2

Question 1

Types of tissues

Answer 1

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle Nervous

Question 2

Epithelium primary function

Answer 2

physical protection, selective permeability, secretion, sensation

Question 3

Properties of epithelium (6)

Answer 3

Cellularity, polarity, attachment to basement membrane, avascularity, extensive innervation, high regeneration capacity

Question 4

Simple Squamous

Answer 4

Thinnest possible barrier to allow for rapid diffusion and filtration; secretion in serous membranes, alveoli

Question 5

Simple cuboidal

Answer 5

absorption and secretion, forms secretory tissue of most glands and small ducts, lining of kidney tubules

Question 6

Nonciliated simple columnar

Answer 6

absorption and secretion, lining of most of GI tract

Question 7

Ciliated simple columnar

Answer 7

secretion of mucin and movement of mucus along apical surface by cilia, lining of large bronchioles of lungs

Question 8

Nonciliated pseudostratified

Answer 8

Protection, lining part of male urethra and epidymis

Question 9

Ciliated pseudostratified

Answer 9

protection, secretion of mucin and movement of mucus across apical surface, lining of larger airways and respiratory tract

Question 10

Keratinized stratified squamous

Answer 10

protection of underlying tissue from abrasion, epidermis

Question 11

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Answer 11

protection of underlying tissue from abrasion, lining of oral cavity

Question 12

Stratified cuboidal

Answer 12

protection and secretion, ducts of exocrine glands and ovarian follicles

Question 13

Stratified columnar

Answer 13

protection and secretion, large ducts of salivary glands

Question 14

Transitional

Answer 14

accomodates urine volume changes in urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra

Question 15

Connective tissue components

Answer 15

Proteins, Fibers, Ground substance

Question 16

CT Functions

Answer 16

physical protection
support and structural framework
binding of structures
storage
transport
immune protection

Question 17

Resident cells

Answer 17

stationary, in CT, support, maintain, repair extracellular matrix

Question 18

Fibroblasts

Answer 18

Produce fibers and ground substance of extracellular matrix

Question 19

Adipocytes

Answer 19

fat cells, Appear in small clusters in some types of CT proper

Question 20

Mesenchymal cells

Answer 20

embryonic stem cells, divides to replace damaged cells, one replaces mesenchymal, other becomes committed cell

Question 21

Fixed macrophages

Answer 21

large, irregular shaped cells, derived from monocytes (white blood cells), release chemicals that stimulate immune system/attract wandering cells

Question 22

Wandering cells

Answer 22

move through CT, components of immune system, repair damaged extracellular matrix, typically forms of leukocytes

Question 23

Mast cells

Answer 23

Secrete heparin and histamine as part of the clotting process and inflammatory response

Question 24

Neutrophils

Answer 24

Phagocytic leukocytes

Question 25

Plasma cells

Answer 25

Produce antibodies when stimulated

Question 26

Lymphocytes

Answer 26

Roles in adaptive immune responses

Question 27

Free macrophages

Answer 27

Protect body from harmful agents

Question 28

Elastic fiber

Answer 28

thin, branched, wavy coils that are abundant in skin, arteries, and the lung

Question 29

Collagen fibers

Answer 29

unbranched, cable like fibers that are incredibly resistant to stretching

Question 30

Reticular fibers

Answer 30

thinner collagen fibers that form an interwoven framework

Question 31

Epidermis strata (top to bottom)

Answer 31

Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum ganulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum basale

Question 32

Keratinocytes

Answer 32

synthesize keratin, (protein strengthens epidermis and makes skin watertight), most abundant cells found in all layers, replace old cells shed at surface, large stem cells

Question 33

Melanocytes

Answer 33

Scattered among keratinocytes, produce and store pigment/melanin in response to UV light, transfer pigment granules (melanosomes) into keratinocytes

Question 34

Tactile cells

Answer 34

sparsely scattered within stratum basale, sensitive to touch/stimulate sensory nerve endings

Question 35

Thick skin

Answer 35

has all 5 epidermal strata, on palms of hands & soles of feet

Question 36

Thin cells

Answer 36

contains only four epidermal strata & lack stratum lucidum

Question 37

Hemoglobin

Answer 37

oxygen-binding protein in red blood cells, gives blood vessels in dermis a reddish tint, seen most easily in fair skinned individuals, more visible if blood vessels dilate

Question 38

Melanin

Answer 38

-pigment produced and stored in melanocytes -in black, brown, tan, yellow-brown shades -transferred to keratinocytes in stratum basale -amount in skin varies based on heredity and light exposure (UV stimulates melanin production) -all people have same number of melanocytes, darker skinned individuals produce more and darker colored melanin

Question 39

Carotene

Answer 39

-Yellow orange pigment Acquired from yellow-orange vegetables Accumulates in Subcutaneous fat & Keratinocytes of stratum corneum – Converted to vitamin A by body Plays important role in vision, reducing free radicals, andmmune function