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MCB 244 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of tissues

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle Nervous

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2
Q

Epithelium primary function

A

physical protection, selective permeability, secretion, sensation

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3
Q

Properties of epithelium (6)

A

Cellularity, polarity, attachment to basement membrane, avascularity, extensive innervation, high regeneration capacity

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4
Q

Simple Squamous

A

Thinnest possible barrier to allow for rapid diffusion and filtration; secretion in serous membranes, alveoli

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5
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

absorption and secretion, forms secretory tissue of most glands and small ducts, lining of kidney tubules

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6
Q

Nonciliated simple columnar

A

absorption and secretion, lining of most of GI tract

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7
Q

Ciliated simple columnar

A

secretion of mucin and movement of mucus along apical surface by cilia, lining of large bronchioles of lungs

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8
Q

Nonciliated pseudostratified

A

Protection, lining part of male urethra and epidymis

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9
Q

Ciliated pseudostratified

A

protection, secretion of mucin and movement of mucus across apical surface, lining of larger airways and respiratory tract

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10
Q

Keratinized stratified squamous

A

protection of underlying tissue from abrasion, epidermis

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11
Q

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

A

protection of underlying tissue from abrasion, lining of oral cavity

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12
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

protection and secretion, ducts of exocrine glands and ovarian follicles

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13
Q

Stratified columnar

A

protection and secretion, large ducts of salivary glands

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14
Q

Transitional

A

accomodates urine volume changes in urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra

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15
Q

Connective tissue components

A

Proteins, Fibers, Ground substance

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16
Q

CT Functions

A

physical protection
support and structural framework
binding of structures
storage
transport
immune protection

17
Q

Resident cells

A

stationary, in CT, support, maintain, repair extracellular matrix

18
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Produce fibers and ground substance of extracellular matrix

19
Q

Adipocytes

A

fat cells, Appear in small clusters in some types of CT proper

20
Q

Mesenchymal cells

A

embryonic stem cells, divides to replace damaged cells, one replaces mesenchymal, other becomes committed cell

21
Q

Fixed macrophages

A

large, irregular shaped cells, derived from monocytes (white blood cells), release chemicals that stimulate immune system/attract wandering cells

22
Q

Wandering cells

A

move through CT, components of immune system, repair damaged extracellular matrix, typically forms of leukocytes

23
Q

Mast cells

A

Secrete heparin and histamine as part of the clotting process and inflammatory response

24
Q

Neutrophils

A

Phagocytic leukocytes

25
Q

Plasma cells

A

Produce antibodies when stimulated

26
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Roles in adaptive immune responses

27
Q

Free macrophages

A

Protect body from harmful agents

28
Q

Elastic fiber

A

thin, branched, wavy coils that are abundant in skin, arteries, and the lung

29
Q

Collagen fibers

A

unbranched, cable like fibers that are incredibly resistant to stretching

30
Q

Reticular fibers

A

thinner collagen fibers that form an interwoven framework

31
Q

Epidermis strata (top to bottom)

A

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum ganulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum basale

32
Q

Keratinocytes

A

synthesize keratin, (protein strengthens epidermis and makes skin watertight), most abundant cells found in all layers, replace old cells shed at surface, large stem cells

33
Q

Melanocytes

A

Scattered among keratinocytes, produce and store pigment/melanin in response to UV light, transfer pigment granules (melanosomes) into keratinocytes

34
Q

Tactile cells

A

sparsely scattered within stratum basale, sensitive to touch/stimulate sensory nerve endings

35
Q

Thick skin

A

has all 5 epidermal strata, on palms of hands & soles of feet

36
Q

Thin cells

A

contains only four epidermal strata & lack stratum lucidum

37
Q

Hemoglobin

A

oxygen-binding protein in red blood cells, gives blood vessels in dermis a reddish tint, seen most easily in fair skinned individuals, more visible if blood vessels dilate

38
Q

Melanin

A

-pigment produced and stored in melanocytes
-in black, brown, tan, yellow-brown shades
-transferred to keratinocytes in stratum basale
-amount in skin varies based on heredity and light exposure (UV stimulates melanin production)
-all people have same number of melanocytes, darker skinned individuals produce more and darker colored melanin

39
Q

Carotene

A

-Yellow orange pigment
Acquired from yellow-orange vegetables
Accumulates in Subcutaneous fat & Keratinocytes of stratum corneum –
Converted to vitamin A by body
Plays important role in vision, reducing free radicals, andmmune function

MCB 244 (1 decks)

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