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POLS > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Competitive party states

A

upper midwest and mountain west

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2
Q

All state legislatures are organized by party except?

A

Nebraska

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3
Q

Party/Political Machines

A

political organizations controlled by small # of people

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4
Q

Non Partisan Ballots

A

does not list candidates by political party

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5
Q

primary electrions

A

voters select candidates for general election

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6
Q

Closed Primary

A

Voters only is that party can vote

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7
Q

Open Primary

A

open to all registered voters

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8
Q

Runoff Primary

A

held if no one recieves majority
top 2 face off

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9
Q

California Democratic Party vs. Jones
(2000)

A

supreme court said blanket primary is unconstitutional
(1st ammendent: right of association)

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10
Q

Jungle Primary
Where?

A
  • all candidates run in same primary (if someone gets majority they win)
  • Louisiana
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11
Q

“Top Two” Primary
where?

A
  • all parties in same ballot but top 2 always have runoff
  • Washington/ California
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12
Q

Super PACs

A

political action comittee that can spend unlimited funds on candidates but can’t coordinate directly

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13
Q

Buckley vs. Valeo
(1976)

A

ruled political expenditures are equivalent to free speech

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14
Q

Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission
(2010)

A

made it possible for corporations to spend unlimited funds on parties

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15
Q

McCutchen vs. Federal Election Commission
(2014)

A

increased cap that individuals can donate from 74k to 1 million

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16
Q

Dark Money Groups

A

undisclosed donors
(companies)
spend more than 1 billion

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17
Q

Soft Money
(illegal now)

A

money that goes to state politcal parties with no regulations

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18
Q

How many people consider themselves independent?

A

around 42%

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19
Q

why do independents and third parties struggle to get power?

A

winner take all system
(can’t get majority)

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20
Q

what do 3rd parties and independants need to get on ballot?

A

lots of signitures
some states reuire % to quilify for next ballot

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21
Q

How many governor have been elected from neither party?

A

7

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22
Q

lobbying

A

how citizens and companies try to make views knwn to policymakers

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23
Q

interest groups

A

spend mony to try to influence legislators

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24
Q

5 types of interest groups

A

mmebership group
trade association
indiviadual institution
government lobbyists
private individuals

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25
Q

interest groups

membership group

A

made of group with common interests

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26
Q

interest groups

trade association

A

a particular industry or field

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27
Q

interest group

individual institution

A

large companies

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28
Q

interest groups

government lobbyists

A

the governments themselves

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29
Q

interest groups

private individuals

A

individuals tht lobby on their own

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30
Q

Lobbyist facts

A

around 40,000 lobbyist in state capitals
billion $ business
california lobbies exceed $350 million

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31
Q

most expensive insterst groups?

A

Labor

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32
Q

least expensive interest groups

A

transportation

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33
Q

comittee

A

group of legislators who have task of writing bills in certain areas

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34
Q

override

A

if legislature gets supermajority (2/3) which overrules veto

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35
Q

coalition building

A

assembly of legislators coming together to try to pass something

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36
Q

In 2020 which state legislature flipped majority party?

A

New Hampshire

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37
Q

Basic Functions of State Legislatures

A

Lawmaking
Representative
Oversight
Constituent Service

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38
Q

Basic Functions of State Legislatures

Contituent Service

A

personalized casework done by legislature to help residents in district

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39
Q

Basic Functions of State Legislatures

Oversight

A

verseeing activities of governor, exec branch, and private busineeses through hearings, budget reviews, and investigations

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40
Q

Basic Functions of State Legislatures

Police Patrol vs. Fire Alarms

A

legislatures typically wait for fire alarm to be pulled instead of actively patrolling

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41
Q

ALEC

A

American Legislative Exchange Council
help conservatives get into office and pass bills

42
Q

How long do sentate vs house of rep serve?

A

Senate: 4 yrs
House: 2 yrs

43
Q

Which states have largest and smallest # of state legislatures

A

New Hampshire - 424
Nebraska - 49 (unicameral)

44
Q

around how many comittees are there per chamber?

A

15-20

45
Q

Who oversee senate in Texas?

A

leautinent governor

46
Q

what % of state legislative races happen unapposed?

A

40-45%

47
Q

Why do legislators serve on comittees?

A

for power and constiuient service
typically relevent to district

48
Q

Rank-file member

A

legislators that don’t hold leadership position

49
Q

Delegate:
Trustee:

A

D - legislator who sees role according to voters belief
T - legislator who beliefs they were elected for their own judgement

50
Q

How often are districts redrawn

A

every 10 yrs

51
Q

apportionment

A

alotting district based off populations shifts

52
Q

Professional Backgrounds of legislators

A

8% retired
15% lawyers
30% business
remain are other areas

53
Q

which state has a majority woman legislature

A

Nevada

54
Q

which 4 state have a part time legislature

A

Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, and Texas

55
Q

which types of states have a more proffessionalized legislature (except Texas)

A

more populous

56
Q

Plural - Executive system

A

governor is not dominant figure

57
Q

Roles of governor

A

cheif legislator
head of state agencies
chief spokesman of state
party chief

58
Q

Which office is more likely to have split ticket vote

A

governor

59
Q

lame-duck session

A

time between replacing governor

60
Q

formal powers of governor

A

power to appoint
power to prepare state budget
power to veto
power to grant pardons
power to call special sessions

61
Q

what is most powerful tool of governor

A

power over state budget

62
Q

how much power does the Texas state governor have over budget

A

little
can only make recommendations

63
Q

how much power does Maryland governor have over budget

A

a lot
only governor can make proposals

64
Q

how many states only need a simple majority to overturn governors veto

A

6

65
Q

how many states governors don’t have power to line-item veto

A

6

66
Q

informal governor powers

A

popular support
party support
ability to communicate

67
Q

Which states have 2 yr terms and no term limit

A

Vermont and New Hampshire

68
Q

Attorney general

A

top law enforcement in state
sometimes steps in as lawyer
sues federal government

69
Q

In how many states are Lt. gov and gov on same ticket

A

half

70
Q

Secretary of State

A

top election officer in 37 states
issue business liscenses

71
Q

Intermediate Appelate court

A

court specifically for appeals

72
Q

bench trial

A

no jury is present
judges decision

73
Q

how many states dont have Appelate court

A

11 and D.C.

74
Q

appeal courts

Discretionary Jursidiction

A

power to chose which appeals to review

75
Q

EN banc

A

when all judges are present to hear appeal

76
Q

Panel

A

group of judges to hear appeal

77
Q

how are most trial court judges selected?

A

non partisan elections

78
Q

which area of the counry is only one to allow appointments of judges

A

Northeast states

79
Q

Williams-Yulee vs. Florida Bar
(2015)

A

Florida can band judge candidates from getting campaign funds

80
Q

Pure appointive system
Where?

A

judges are appointed by governor without list of candidates
only in California, Maine, and New Jersey

81
Q

Merit Selection

A

governor gets a list of judges to chose from
(hybrid of appt/elect)

82
Q

Retention election

A

afte rjudge term ends people can vote to keep them in

83
Q

Which states judges serve life terms

A

Rhoade Island

84
Q

Which 2 states judges serve until 70 yrs old

A

Massechusetts and New Hampshire

85
Q

How do you impeach judge

A

majority in house and then 2/3 senate

86
Q

Prosecutor

A

Elected to 4 yr term
Power from state

87
Q

Grand jury

A

Group of citizens that decide if case goes to trial
Only prosecutor goes before them

88
Q

Jury nullification

A

Jury believes law is immoral so they cancel it out

89
Q

Assigned council

A

Private lawyer that only works on certain area of cases

90
Q

Contract attorney

A

Private lawyer that works with government for specific time

91
Q

How much time do public defenders get with client

A

6 mins

92
Q

What to majority of states require for jury

A

12 members and unanimous decision

93
Q

Which state needs supermajority for jury

A

Oregon

94
Q

Truth-in-sentencing law

A

Portion of sentence that must be served before eligible for parol

95
Q

Recidivism

A

Rate of criminal relapse

96
Q

Rocket Docket

A

Creates deadlines for cases
Fast tracks cases

97
Q

Beaurocrat

A

Employee of public agencies

98
Q

Elements of beaucracy

A

Devision of labor
Hierarchy
Formal rules
Maintenance of files and records
Professionalization

99
Q

What is the largest form of bureaucracy?

A

Public Schools

100
Q

Which state leads the country in beauracratic employees and expenditures?

A

Alaska

POLS (2 decks)

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