exam 2

Question 1

To describe human beings, imply someone who is passive objective of study without agency

Answer 1

subject

Question 2

untreated syhlis negro male , promised free health

Answer 2

Turkegee study

Question 3

three fundemental principles

Answer 3

1. respect for person
2. Benefience
3. Justice

Question 4

common rule

Answer 4

set of regulations of the federal policy for the protection of human reserach protection

Question 5

Goverment report and the common rule

Answer 5

goverment effort to protect the rights of human subject of research

Question 6

what units are analyzed in HDFS aside from indvidual human subject?

Answer 6

is conducted at the level of dyan not the indivual
-married
scores, number of compliments

Question 7

why do social scientist use so many diffrent terms to describe thier study subject?

Answer 7

to protect the dignity of the people study

Question 8

in what ways were the subject of the Turkegee study exploited by researchers?

Answer 8

men in the sample who had syphillis were never treated- amoxillion

Question 9

how does research on children adhere to the requirement for informed consent?

Answer 9

child must be active , asset must not object

Question 10

why do scientist not study the whole population they are intrested in?

Answer 10

can usually provided enough information so that it would be a waste of effort to target every single memebr of a population

Question 11

What are the two types of sampling bias?

Answer 11

Selection Bias, Non reponse bias

Question 12

WEIRD

Answer 12

Western ,educated, industtrailized, rich, decocratic

Question 13

Name and briefly describe the two types of sampling strategies.

Answer 13

1.Probabilistic

every single subject in the sampling frame has an equal chance of being selected

2. Non-probabilistic

which the subject has unequal chances of being selected

Question 14

What are the three principles of ethical research according to the Belmont Report? What rules correspond with each principle?

Answer 14

1. Respect for Person

informed consent
-assent to participate
2. Principle of beneficence

-anonymity

-confidential

3. justice

-vulnerable population must not be exploited

-IRB

-risk and benefits

Question 15

why do scientist use inclusion and exlusion criteria?

Answer 15

they use further evidence of selctive bias in the eventual sample

Question 16

3 forms of non probablilty sampling

Answer 16

convience sampling
purposive sampling
voluntary response

Question 17

How can you tell if a variable is conceptualized as subjective or objective?

Answer 17

subjective- exist only in the mind of the subject

objective-exist independently of any subject thought or opinions about it

Question 18

How can you tell if a variable is conceptualized as numerical or categorical?

Answer 18

numerical- assign a numerical value to each subject when they are measured

categorical- subject to a group, category, when they are measured

Question 19

What does an operational definition consist of?

Answer 19

1. how the variables is measured
2. what criteria or standard are applied to the data in order to assign the value

Question 20

Name and briefly describe the self-report measures used in HDFS.

Answer 20

interviews-ask questions as part of a live interpesonal intraction, it can be done by phone, in person. (verbal). the data are more deep, nuanced and profiundly.

questionaires- ask a set of questions on paper or online but not as a direct verbal interaction- it can be a true or false question, multiple choice.

self-report tasks- works best when variables being measured are subjective and internal. such like daily dairies, story completion,vigenettes, demonstrations

Question 21

What are the forms of measurement bias likely in self-report measurement?

Answer 21

-identify of the person who is conducting the interview,subject offers more or less information, or more less accurrate information,

-building rapport

-demographics

Question 22

Name and briefly describe the forms of observational measurement used in HDFS.

Answer 22

Participant Observation- which the scientist becomes a member of a society group in order to observe the behavior of the group from a somewhat subjective position.

Naturalistic Observation-which the scientist directly observes behavior of the subject in a natural enviorment with no effort to shape the enviorment or elicit specific behavior or the particpate in that enviorment

Structured Observation- measurement of behavior in an enviorment that is shaped by the scientist so as to elicit specific behaviors.

Question 23

What forms of measurement bias are likely with observational measures?

Answer 23

1. Explicit coding strategies
2. Observational Meaurement
3. Blind the observer

Question 24

why are bigger samples usually better than smaller samples?

Answer 24

bigger samples offer more precise estimate

Question 25

why does science demand that very careful attention be paid to the way things are conceptualized while ordinary life this is less important?

Answer 25

systematic

Question 26

3 aspects of how the topic being studied conceptualized

Answer 26

subject or objective
categorical or numerical
how operatinally define

Question 27

subjective reality

Answer 27

only exsit in the mind of the subject
“all true”

Question 28

objective reality

Answer 28

exist independently of any subject thoughts and opinions about it
only one correct answer