Exam 2 Flashcards
(48 cards)
Dred Scott v Sanford
Scott was an escaped enslaved person
Controversy regarding his liberty/freedom
He moved into a new territory, Missouri, which was a free territory
Under Fugitive Slave Clause, he technically didn’t escape to a free state, he escaped to a territory
He believed that he is a free person since he escaped to free territory
Ruling: enslaved people and descendants of those people, could never become American citizens
name the three civil war amendments
13th, 14th, 15th
13th amendment
Abolished Slavery
14th amendment
guaranteed equal protection under the law
15th amendment
guaranteed voting rights for African American Men
Plessy v Ferguson
Law passed (RR car act) where passengers in the train cars shall be segregated by race
Civil disobedience: plessy buys white person only car seat, and is immediately arrested
?: can Louisiana segregate people like this?
Ruling: established precedent that public accommodations could be segregated by race
As long as the facilities were “equal”
Brown v Board of Education
Q: did Linda Brown have the right to attend an all white school in Kansas?
Ruling: yes, erasing the “separate but equal” precedent found in Plessy v Ferguson
Received backlash
civil rights act of 1964
Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
See EEOC v Abercrombie and Fitch
School, employment, and other public accommodations could no longer be segregated
Created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
voting rights act of 1965
Banned the uses of literacy tests as a condition to vote
Made it a crime to interfere with efforts to vote
Review:
Literacy tests
What was used as a way to limit the electoral influence of African Americans
Which cases upheld segregation? What about overturned?
Plessy v Ferguson upheld, brown v board of education overturned
literacy tests
measures a person’s proficiency in reading and writing. Beginning in the 19th century, literacy tests were used in the voter registration process in southern states of the U.S. with the intent to disenfranchise Black voters.
grandfather clause
A half-dozen states passed laws that made men eligible to vote if they had been able to vote before African-Americans were given the franchise (generally, 1867), or if they were the lineal descendants of voters back then
equal rights amendment
mandated equal treatment for all regardless of sex.
title IX
applies to all educational institutions that receive federal aid and prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in academic programs, dormitory space, health-care access, and school activities including sports
elk v wilkins
NATIVE AMERICANS
John Elk, denied the right to vote after he left his reservation and began living among white people, the Supreme Court found that Native Americans were not citizens by birth under the Fourteenth Amendment and could therefore be denied the right to vote.
nationality act of 1940
outlined the process by which immigrants could acquire U.S. citizenship through naturalization. The law specified that neither sex nor marital status could be considered in naturalization decisions, but it did outline specifications concerning race and ethnicity.
trail of tears
Between 1831 and 1838, members of several southern tribes, including the Cherokees, were forced by the U.S. Army to move west along routes shown in Figure 5.15. The forced removal of the Cherokees to Oklahoma Territory, which had been set aside for settlement by displaced tribes and designated Indian Territory, resulted in the death of one-quarter of the tribe’s population.
chinese exclusion act of 1882
prevented Chinese from immigrating to the United States for ten years and prevented Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens
korematsu v united states
Although Japanese American Fred Korematsu challenged the right of the government to imprison law-abiding citizens, the Supreme Court decision in the 1944 case of Korematsu v. United States upheld the actions of the government as a necessary precaution in a time of war.
american disabilities act of 1990
greatly expanded opportunities and protections for people of all ages with disabilities. It also significantly expanded the categories and definition of disability. The ADA prohibits discrimination in employment based on disability. It also requires employers to make reasonable accommodations available to workers who need them. Finally, the ADA mandates that public transportation and public accommodations be made accessible to those with disabilities.
Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.
The owner of Hobby Lobby Stores, for example, a conservative Christian, argued that his company’s health-care plan should not have to pay for contraception because his religious beliefs are opposed to the practice.; Scotus ruled in his favor
american fundamental values
In a democracy, public opinion is important
Americans value liberty, equality, and democracy (in order of decreasing support)
ideology definition
a set/collection of underlying ideas;
An underlying worldview
ex: Liberalism, Conservatism, and more
