Exam 2

Question 1

Caudillo

Answer 1

1. A person who is a military leader.
2. They have great military and political power. 3. Often known as heroes of independence

Question 2

Simón Bolivar

Answer 2

1. A Venezuelan caudillo who helped liberate Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, Panama, Peru, and Columbia
2. He was known as the Liberator of South America
3. He believed in liberty and equality from the Spanish

Question 3

Juan Manuel Rosas

Answer 3

1. An Argentine dictator.
2. Used the Mazorca to enforce his rule
3. Was a scourge of the Unitarians

Question 4

Letrados

Answer 4

1. University graduates who held administrative positions in the government
2. closely associated with the Portuguese Empire, including colonial Brazil.
3. Part of the elite group

Question 5

Grand Columbia

Answer 5

1. created in 1819
2. built up of Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, and Columbia
3. Created by Simon Bolivar

Question 6

Facundo

Answer 6

1. A work of literature that describes the life of a Juan Facundo Quiroga
2. He was a caudillo who terrorized Argentina
3. Written by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento

Question 7

Manifest Destiny

Answer 7

1. Written by John O’Sullivan in 1839
2. A manifesto describing the greatness of America and how it has done no wrong in history
3. He describes how America had a God-given mission to lead the country to democracy

Question 8

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 8

1. A treaty of “Peace” between the United States and the Mexican Republic
2. It divided the countries up and Mexico gave up its claims to Texas
3. It ended the war between these countries

Question 9

William Walker

Answer 9

1. A scientist driven by the manifest destiny.
2. he led unauthorized military expeditions into central america and mexico
3. Also became the president of Nicaragua

Question 10

Positivism

Answer 10

1. Created by French philosopher
2. Argues that when society reaches its pinnacle it will be governed by infallible scientific principles
3. Became really influential in Brazil

Question 11

Sab

Answer 11

1. A novel written by Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda
2. depicts the story of a slave in love with his master’s daughter
3. it was the first anti-slavery novel

Question 12

Social Darwinism

Answer 12

1. Created by Charles Darwin when he worked on the Galapagos Island
2. said that species were created by natural selection
3. Survival of the fittest

Question 13

Haitian Revolution

Answer 13

1. a revolution led by slaves in Haiti
2. freed the slaves in 1804
3. Also known as the massacre of the french

Question 14

Monoculture

Answer 14

1. is the cultivation of a single crop in a given area
2. it robs the dirt of its nutrients
3. Unfortunately it increases the risk of disease and pests

Question 15

Taming the tropics

Answer 15

1. deforestation of the land.
2. It eliminates the land’s protective biodiversity
3. very harmful to the land and the animals living on it

Question 16

UFCO

Answer 16

1. The United Fruit Company = El Pulpo
2. Founded in 1880
3. produced bananas, pineapples, and palm oil

Question 17

Whitening

Answer 17

1. Also known as the blanqueamineto
2. The mixing of western europeans with the natives
3. used because the elites thought it would better the race

Question 18

Porfiriatio

Answer 18

1. the period where Diaz ruled mexico
2. it was a dictatorship and repression of the mexican people
3. there was a big economic growth though

Question 19

Ordem e Progresso

Answer 19

1. order and progress in Portuguese
2. on the brazilian flag and still remains there
3. derived from the postivism