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General Psychology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the CNS, and what does it include?

A

Central nervous system and includes the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the PNS, and what does it include?

A

Peripheral nervous system and includes the rest of the nervous system (cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches)

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3
Q

What regions of the body does the somatic nervous system connect to the PNS?

A

Through the nerves to/from the glands and internal organs

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4
Q

What regions of the body does the autonomic nervous system connect to the PNS?

A

Through the nerves to/from the glands and internal organs

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5
Q

What is/are the functions of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

“Fight or flight”

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6
Q

What is/are the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

“Rest and digest”

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7
Q

What are neurons, and what is their primary function?

A

A cell in the nervous system that supports the neurons and their primary function is nutrient, waste, and oxygen transport

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8
Q

What is the structure of dendrites?

A

Short, branchlike extensions of the cell body that receives signals from the neighboring neurons

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9
Q

What is the structure of the cell body?

A

Contains nucleus and organelles, collects information from thousands of neurons, integrates (processes) these messages, and sends electrical impulses down the axon

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10
Q

What is the structure of the axon?

A

Longer protection from the cell body, vary tremendously in length, transmit electrical impulses down to the terminal button, coated in a fatty insulating “myelin sheath”

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11
Q

What is the structure of the terminal buttons?

A

Knoblike structures at the end of the end of the axon and when triggered by an action potential, release neurotransmitters into the synapse

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12
Q

What is a synapse, and what is its role in neural communication?

A

A tiny gap between neurons where communication occurs and they communicate by sending/receiving neurotransmitters across the synapse

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13
Q

What is the myelin sheath, and what is its role in neural communication?

A

A fatty material that covers and insulates some axons to allow for faster movement of electrical impulses along the axon

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14
Q

How does Multiple Sclerosis affect neural communication?

A

People with MS lose the ability to coordinate their movements and gradually lose their ability to move, see, and think

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15
Q

What is the transmission stage of neural communication?

A

“Presynaptic” neuron (neuron before the synapse) creates electrical signals in its cell body and passes those signal along its axon

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16
Q

What is the reception stage of neural communication?

A

Dendrites of postsynaptic neurons receive neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron

17
Q

What is the integration stage of neural communication?

A

Neuron processes (integrate) incoming signals from potentially thousands of other neurons

18
Q

In general, how is the electrical activity and charge inside of a neuron regulated?

A

The sodium-potassium pumps (in the cell membrane) pump 3 positively charged sodium ions out for every 2 positively charged ions they bring in

19
Q

What is the refractory period?

A

As a neuron returns to its resting state, it experiences a refractory period during which it is less responsive to stimulation

20
Q

What is an agonist?

A

Enhances or mimics the actions of a neurotransmitter

21
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Suppress or inhibit the actions of a neurotransmitter

22
Q

What are the tasks that the cerebellum is responsible for?

A

Motor memory, motor coordination, and balance

23
Q

What are the tasks that the amygdala is responsible for?

A

Fear learning

24
Q

What are the tasks that the thalamus is responsible for?

A

Serving as a sensory relay station between the sensory organs (eyes, ears, tongue, skin) and the cortex

25
Q

What are the tasks that the hypothalamus is responsible for?

A

Regulating basic drives like hunger, thirst, and sexual desires

26
Q

What are the tasks that the hippocampus is responsible for?

A

Formation of new explicit memory

General Psychology (2 decks)

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