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Abnormal Psych > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Optimal level of anxiety

A

Middle of bell curve

High performance cause anxiety isn’t too high or too low

Yerkes Dodson

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2
Q

Criteria for anxiety disorders

A

Symptoms interfere with important areas of functioning

Symptoms not caused by drug/ medical condition

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3
Q

Phobias involve:

A

Excessive fear that they’re aware of

Avoidance

(At least 6 months)

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4
Q

Two factor theory

A

O.H. Mower- classical and operant conditioning

theory doesn’t explain avoidance

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5
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

At least 6 months, interferes with daily life

Often can’t decide on solution or action

Worried about EVERYTHING

Not tied to anything specific

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6
Q

Social anxiety

A

In your head

Taking things out of proportion

Highest suicide rate

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7
Q

Panic disorder

A

At least 1 panic attack and 6 months of worry about another attack

Depersonalization, derealization

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8
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Panic disorder combined with avoidance

Isn’t always combined with panic disorder but if it is it’s worse case of panic disorder

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9
Q

Vegetative signs of mood disorders

A

Decreased energy, interrupted sleep (initial, middle, terminal insomnia), decreased sex drive, decreased appetite (increased for carbs/sweets)

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10
Q

Delusions

A

Fixed firm belief that has no basis in reality

Grandiose + paranoid

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11
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Sad mood OR loss of interest and pleasure

4+ symptoms effecting social occupational for at least 2 weeks

Episodic (symptoms don’t clear for more than 2 months at a time) or recurrent

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12
Q

Persistent depressive disorder (PDD)

A

Depressed mood for at least 2 years plus 2 other symptoms (don’t clear for more than 2 months at a time)

bipolar disorders not present

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13
Q

Depression stats

A

Twice as common in women than men

Three times as common among people in poverty

Symptoms vary across cultures (focus on somatic)

Age of onset: early 20s

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14
Q

Mania

A

State of intense elation, irritability or activation

Most people will also experience an episode of depression (dysthymia)

Symptoms last at least a week, require hospitalization, include psychosis

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15
Q

Hypomania

A

Symptoms of mania but less severe and no significant impairment

Symptoms at least 4 days

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16
Q

Bipolar 1

A

At least one episode of mania

At least one episode of MDD

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17
Q

Bipolar II

A

At least one major depressive episode

At least one episode of hypomania

NO episodes of mania

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18
Q

Cyclothymia

A

Milder, chronic form of bipolar disorder

Numerous periods with hypomanic and depressive symptoms

Lasts at least 2 years

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19
Q

Factors contributing to onset

A

Genetics (inherit ability, one gene doesn’t explain illness- gene environment interaction)

Neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin)

Brain function (oversensitivty to emotional stimuli- elevated amygdala)

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20
Q

Beck’s theory of depression

A

Negative beliefs —> world the self future

Dysfunctional attitudes scale

Negative scheme + cognitive biases —> negative triad —> depression

21
Q

Hopelessness theory

A

Seligman

Most important trigger of depression is hopelessness

22
Q

Cognitive therapy ABC’s

A

Antecedent event
Belief
Consequence
Dispute
Evidence Events are neutral

23
Q

Electro convulsion therapy (ECT)

A

Done if patient fails all other options of therapy

Causes retrograde amnesia- usually for short time

24
Q

Lithium

A

Common type of salt

Mood stabilizer

Very effective with bipolar 1 and mania

25
Q

Other mood stabilizers

A

Anticonvulsants

Antipsychotics- offer immediate calming effect (tardive dyskinesia)

26
Q

Suicide ideation

A

Thoughts of killing oneself

27
Q

Suicidal attempt

A

Behavior intended to kill oneself

28
Q

Para suicidal

A

Behaviors intended to injure oneself without intended to cause death

29
Q

Schneidman

A

Suicide isn’t done to die, it’s done to escape

Hopelessness

Constriction

Stop talking about the future, give valued personal items away

30
Q

Personality

A

Characteristic way of acting, thinking, feelings

31
Q

Odd/ eccentric cluster (A)

A

Paranoid personality disorder

Schizoid personality disorder

Schizotypal personality disorder

32
Q

Dramatic/ erratic cluster (B)

A

Antisocial personality disorder

Borderline personality disorder

Histrionic personality disorder

Narcissistic personality disorder

33
Q

Anxious/ fearful cluster (C)

A

Avoidant personality disorder

34
Q

Paranoid personality disorder (A)

A

Pervasive pattern of distrust and fear of others

Expect mistreatment or exploitation

More likely in men than women

35
Q

Schizoid personality disorder (A)

A

Pervasive pattern of indifference to social relationships and flat affects

36
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder (A)

A

Pervasive pattern of odd/ eccentric thinking and anxiety in social relationships

They seem high/ delusional

Like schizophrenia but reality is involved

37
Q

Antisocial personality disorder (B)

A

Pervasive pattern disregarding the rights of others and violation of social norms that causes significant impairment in social occupational function and stress in others

Oppositional defiant disorder -> conduct disorder -> APD

Deficit in empathy- not in tune with others emotional reactions

Insensitivity to fear and threat

38
Q

Borderline personality disorder (B)

A

Pervasive pattern of instability in mood and behavior with extreme feelings of abandonment

Recurrent periods of parasuicidal behaviors

Dialectical behavior therapy

39
Q

Histrionic personality disorder (B)

A

Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

Exaggerated, theatrical emotional expression, overly suggesting

40
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder (B)

A

Pervasive pattern of attention seeking and lack of empathy

Over indulgent parenting contributed to sense of entitlement

41
Q

Avoidant personality disorder (C)

A

Pervasive pattern of excessive avoidance and fear of social rejection

Attachment theory

42
Q

Attachment theory

A

50% secure attachment

Anxious attachment

Avoidant attachment

43
Q

DSM-5 for substance abuse disorder

A

Impairs functioning, failure to meet obligations

Repeated use in dangerous settings

Tolerance+withdrawal, efforts to reduce/control don’t work

44
Q

Severe substance use disorder- addiction

A

6+ severe symptoms

Physiological dependence

45
Q

Alcohol abuse- short term effects

A

Stimulates GABA- reduces tension

Increases serotonin and dopamine- produces pleasurable effects

Inhibits glutamate receptors- cognitive difficulties

46
Q

Alcohol abuse- long term effects

A

Malnutrition

Korsakaff’s amnesia

Cirrhosis of liver

Heart failure, stroke, hypertension, destruction of brain cells

47
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Alcohol intake during pregnancy

Mental retardation, slowed fetal growth

Cranial, facial, and limb abnormalities

48
Q

Opiate use disorder

A

Addictive sedatives that relieve pain and induce sleep

Route of admission+ expectations of drug effects the results of drug

49
Q

Ecstasy

A

Hallucinogen

Huge serotonin release, vivid colors, “love drug”

Permanently alters brain

Abnormal Psych (2 decks)

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