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Pharmacy Management > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Copay

A

Flat fee customer pays for each medical service even if out of pocket maximum is met

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2
Q

Coinsurance

A

Percentage of medical expenses the insured has to pay, even if deductible is met

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3
Q

Premum

A

Amount of money insured must pay monthly for an insurance policy

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4
Q

Deductible

A

Specified amount a member must pay before insurance kicks in

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5
Q

What parts of Medicare have most people enrolled, least to greatest

A

C, D, B, A

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6
Q

Medicare A covers

A

Hospital expenses

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7
Q

Medicare A is paid for by

A

Payroll taxes

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8
Q

Medicare B covers

A

Physician, outpatient services, PT, diabetic testing supplies, vaccines

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9
Q

Medicare part B is funded by

A

25% from premium, 75% from taxes

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10
Q

Medicare C is funded by

A

Payments from A, B, D to a private plan

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11
Q

Medicare D covers

A

Prescription drugs

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12
Q

Medicare D is funded by

A

25% from enrollee premium, 75% from general taxes

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13
Q

What part of Medicare has the highest expenditures

A

Part D

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14
Q

What is an alternative payment model

A

An alternative payment model requires physicians to take responsibility for costs and quality performance to receive payments for providing high value care

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15
Q

Two way shared risk

A

Payer and provider have agreement to assume risk on both sides. If patient ends up in hospital again, they get less money. If patient provides great care, they get more money. Providers must cover part of healthcare costs if they are unable to maintain patient health

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16
Q

Capitation

A

There is a fixed amount of reimbursement per diagnosis that is paid ahead of time. If a patient can’t treat a patient within that budget, they lose money

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17
Q

Value-based agreement

A

Agreement by provider and insurer where they reimbrse healthcare providers based on the quality and value of care they provide

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18
Q

BIN number

A

Bank Identification Number

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19
Q

PCN

A

Processor control number, identifies insurance company for the claim

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20
Q

Rx GRP

A

Group number assigned to identify a member’s group health plan such as employer code

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21
Q

Person code

A

Identifies relationship to insured

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22
Q

Manufacturer savings card

A

People with private insurance can use savings cards. Those with government insurance and cash payers can’t use them. The Anti-kick back prevents this by saying its a crime to offer reductions to patients who receive benefits from state/federally funded healthcare programs

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23
Q

Largest healthcare payer in the US

A

Medicare

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24
Q

Pharmacist provider status as recognized by CMS

A

Pharmacists are not recognized as providers by CMS. They have to use CT billing codes to be reimbursed. We have to bill at the same level as nurses, hence “incident-to” billing

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25
Q

Incident-to billing takes place n a _____ setting

A

Noninstitutional setting

26
Q

Explain incident-to billing process

A
  1. Medicare-credentialed physicians must initiate patient care and be involved in treatment, RPh may provide follow-up care
  2. Physiciand and RPh must be employed by billing entity
  3. service must be performed in that setting
  4. Pharmacists can bill to all payers, but do not always get reimbursed
27
Q

Does a physician have to sign off on pharmacist notes each time?

A

No, just have to regularly meet

28
Q

Payment amount for hospital outpatient vs. physician office

A

Flat rate, depends on complexity of visit

29
Q

E/M

A

Evaluation and management billing codes. Codes start with 992. The codes are based on visit, length, complexity of care, and medical decision-making

30
Q

Medicare coverage gap

A

“Donut Hole” Temporary limit on Rx coverage by insurance after a limit is reached where you pay a larger amount

31
Q

catastrophic coverage

A

When insurance increases coverage once out-of-pocket maximum is reached following coverage gap

32
Q

Prior authorization

A

Requires prescriber to justify need for more expensive medication to be covered by insurance

33
Q

Community pharmacy services that can be billed

A

Non medications such as POC testing, medical equipment, MTM (CMR, TIPs), vaccines, diabetic testing supplies, CLIA-waved tests

34
Q

Outcomes MTM Software

A

MTM software used by pharmacists to bill for services like CMRs and TIPs

35
Q

what is a TIP

A

Targeted intervention where the pharmacist talks about a more specific thing such as adherence, gap in therapy, Narcan. Can be billed for simultaneously with CMR

36
Q

How do patients get populated in Outcomes

A

Patients are referred to your pharmacy based on the history of filling prescriptions and their insurance plan

37
Q

Issues related to pharmacy auditing by insurance companies

A

DAW codes, DIR fees, incorrect Day Supply, Acquisition costs

38
Q

What are DIR fees

A

AKA clawbacks, this happens from a loophole in Medicare regulations where payers can take money back on paid clames. Often blamed on performance of quality measures and are typically out f the pharmacys controls

39
Q

Why are acquisition costs important to get right

A

Check with wholesalers to get best pricing, having correct costs ensures that you and the pt are not overpaying for medication

40
Q

Hospital outpatient facility billing

A

flat payment for all office visits

41
Q

Physician office (non-facility billing0

A

Depends on complexity of the visit

42
Q

Incident to billing must take place in

A

a noninstitutional setting by a medicare-credentialed physician

43
Q

Social security act of 1965

A

This laid the groundwork for Medicare and Medicaid, it started tracking national health expenditures as a percentage of GDP. JFK’s plan to create a healthcare plan for seniors failed but LBJ picked it up and proposed expansion and the Hill-Burton Program that gave government grants to pay for medical practices for those who can’t pay

44
Q

Establishment of Kaiser Permanente

A

WW2 and Employer sponsored health care. Kaiser created a program that embedded healthcare costs in employee compensation. During WWII, employers had to find new ways to recruit new employees leading to employee-sponsored health insurance

45
Q

Establishment of BCBS

A

WWI and BCBS. After WWI, physicians and hospitals charged more and people couldnt afford it so Baylor Hospitals created aprogram where they would help repay for healthcare expenses. Blue cross=hospital, blue shield = physician

46
Q

AMA

A

Did not support progressive legislation over physician compensation. Opposed the Blues bill due to concerns about physician compensatio. AMA and labor unions served as critics

47
Q

Risk pooling

A

Group of individuals whose medical costs are combines to calculate premiums and offset costs of people that have to use more healthcare. Larger risk pool leads to more predictable and stable premiums

48
Q

Insurance reimbursement, greatest to least

A

Commercial > Medicare > Medicaid

49
Q

Out of pocket maximum and what counts towards it

A

Upper bound on an amount the policy holder owes during a policy period before insurance covers 100% of everything. This does not include premiums and copays

50
Q

HMO

A

Lowest premium, copay with each visit, coordinate care through PCP, referrals required to see in-network physicians

Lowest premium, pay copay, good if you don’t leave area

51
Q

PPO

A

Highest premium, middle deductible, can see PCP or specialist without referral, can see out of network physicians

52
Q

HDHP

A

Middle premiums, highest deductible.
Do not need referral, can see out of network. Funds from HSA can be invested and used for healthcare expenses

53
Q

US trends in hospital utilization, consolidation, healthcare spending

A

Trend to hospitals consolidating into large conglomerates. Allows for better negotiating power and lower operating costs but leads to higher prices for patients and reduces access to small hospitals

54
Q

Balance billing by out-of-network providors

A

Providers that do not contract with insurance provider cost more. Balance billing is where these providers cost customer for cost of service not covered by insured

55
Q

Ways for hospitals to maximize profits

A

Adjusting payer mix by increasing number of commercially insured patients, adjusting case mix by increasing specialty since they pay more

56
Q

Entrepreneurship accelerator program

A

Help founders start/grow company by providing mentorship, capital, networking, etc

57
Q

Venture cycle

A

Rapid growth, lots of cash in bank but not all profit, relocation may be necessary, returns on milestones and growth

58
Q

lifestyle business

A

Slow/steady growth, moderate profits, do not have to relocate

59
Q

VC capital fund cycle

A

Valley of death: revenue is negative
Capital slowly grows until you meet the public market

60
Q

Pre seed

A

Local investor that demonstrates you are a great company leader worth investing in

61
Q

Seed

A

Larger geography but the investor must know your market and you must have traction and a good business plan

62
Q

Series A

A

Involves national fundraising and a strong venture capital

Pharmacy Management (1 decks)

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