Exam 2

Question 1

Who took pollution serious and issued the 1st antipollution law

Answer 1

Edward I

Question 2

Who was the “mother of smog research”

Answer 2

Mary Ander

Question 3

What created the Donora Smog of 1948 resulting in 21 deaths?

Answer 3

Hydrogen fluoride from factories

Question 4

What was the correlation of deaths and the London fog?

Answer 4

Sulfur dioxide spikes

Question 5

Principal function of the lung is _____

Answer 5

gas exchange

Question 6

What is the surface area of the lungs equate to?

Answer 6

Half the size of a tennis court

Question 7

Difference between inhalation and pulmonary toxicology

Answer 7

Inhalation: deals with route of exposure
Pulmonary: only effects on the lung; site of toxicity

Question 8

Where can the most exposure be found in the conducting airways of the lungs?

Answer 8

Bronchioles regions

Question 9

What is the better name for clara cells?

Answer 9

Club cells

Question 10

Which cell type functions to protect the bronchial epithelium?

Answer 10

Clara cells

Question 11

Which cell type secretes pulmonary surfactant?

Answer 11

Type 2 Alveolar Cells

Question 12

Mixture of lipids and proteins that increase the ability of the lung to expand and also stops it from collapsing at the end of expiration

Answer 12

surfactant

Question 13

What shape cells are type 2 alveolar cells?

Answer 13

cuboidal

Question 14

Expansion of the thoracic cavity by contraction of the _______

Answer 14

diaphragm

Question 15

Relaxation of the diaphragm and contraction of the _________

Answer 15

internal intercostal muscle

Question 16

Inspirations is an (active/passive) process, expiration is an (active/passive) process

Answer 16

active, passive

Question 17

In boyles law, volume and pressure are ____ related

Answer 17

inversely

Question 18

Approximately 5700cm3 of air is required to reach _ _ _

Answer 18

TLC (total lung capacity)

Question 19

Volume that resides in the lungs after expiration

Answer 19

Residual volume (RV)

Question 20

Volume of air that is moved in and out of the lungs

Answer 20

Vital capacity (VC)

Question 21

Fraction of air moving in and out during rest

Answer 21

tidal volume (TV)

Question 22

During heavy oxygen demand what two fractions can increase?

Answer 22

Tidal volume and respiratory rate

Question 23

TLC (total lung capacity)=

Answer 23

VC (vital capacity) + RV (residual volume)

Question 24

What test measure the ability to move air in and out of the lungs, allowing a diagnosis of obstructive and restrictive diseases?

Answer 24

Spirometry