Exam 2 Flashcards
Who took pollution serious and issued the 1st antipollution law
Edward I
Who was the “mother of smog research”
Mary Ander
What created the Donora Smog of 1948 resulting in 21 deaths?
Hydrogen fluoride from factories
What was the correlation of deaths and the London fog?
Sulfur dioxide spikes
Principal function of the lung is _____
gas exchange
What is the surface area of the lungs equate to?
Half the size of a tennis court
Difference between inhalation and pulmonary toxicology
Inhalation: deals with route of exposure
Pulmonary: only effects on the lung; site of toxicity
Where can the most exposure be found in the conducting airways of the lungs?
Bronchioles regions
What is the better name for clara cells?
Club cells
Which cell type functions to protect the bronchial epithelium?
Clara cells
Which cell type secretes pulmonary surfactant?
Type 2 Alveolar Cells
Mixture of lipids and proteins that increase the ability of the lung to expand and also stops it from collapsing at the end of expiration
surfactant
What shape cells are type 2 alveolar cells?
cuboidal
Expansion of the thoracic cavity by contraction of the _______
diaphragm
Relaxation of the diaphragm and contraction of the _________
internal intercostal muscle
Inspirations is an (active/passive) process, expiration is an (active/passive) process
active, passive
In boyles law, volume and pressure are ____ related
inversely
Approximately 5700cm3 of air is required to reach _ _ _
TLC (total lung capacity)
Volume that resides in the lungs after expiration
Residual volume (RV)
Volume of air that is moved in and out of the lungs
Vital capacity (VC)
Fraction of air moving in and out during rest
tidal volume (TV)
During heavy oxygen demand what two fractions can increase?
Tidal volume and respiratory rate
TLC (total lung capacity)=
VC (vital capacity) + RV (residual volume)
What test measure the ability to move air in and out of the lungs, allowing a diagnosis of obstructive and restrictive diseases?
Spirometry
