Exam #2 Flashcards
Where and When was the first Juvenile Court?
Cook County, 1899
What are Juvenile Status Offenses?
Crimes that are only considered unlawful as a minor. (truancy, runaway)
What is Juvenile delinquency?
felony, misdemeanor
Arrest
does not equal detention, up to the officers discretion
Referral
The case goes to states attorney, who decides what is next
Adjudication
admittance of crime or it goes to trial
Crime Data Sources
Uniform Crime Reports (FBI), National Incident-Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey
Restorative Justice
focused on rehabilitation of offender
Retributive Justice
focused on punishment of offender
3 Components of the Juvenile CJS
courts, judges, corrections
When and what is the Juvenile Court Act?
1899, youth should not be mixed with criminals, individual diagnosis and treatment
Kent vs. US
Lacksuit for lack of due process, because Kent was sent to an adult prison without hearings
Kent Decision and impacts
brought about procedural and evidentiary standards, took into consideration record and previous history as well as seriousness of allegations
In Re Gault (1967)
15y boy on probation taken into custody without parents being notified
gave way to the right of counsel, notice, right against self-incrimination and right to confront witness
In Re Winship
proof beyond a REASONABLE DOUBT for the standard at juvenile proceedings, no longer preponderance of the evidence
House Of Refuge
1824, the first US reformatory program that kept youth that was convicted of criminal offenses or found in vacancy. They were given apprenticeships, but many were in prison with harsh disciplines
Functions of Probation
Decriminalization, integrating rather than isolating and diverson
Due Process
no person shall be deprived of life,liberty, or property without due process
Consensus Theory
An act is criminal when it offends members of each society
Breed V Jones
juvenile can not be adjudicated in juvenile court and then tried for the same offense in adult criminal court
Conflict Theory
Classical View
Individuals have free will. Some commit while others do not. The focus is on the crime
Positivist View
Not free will but by biological or cultural factors. focus is on the criminal
Deterrence view
crime is an element of choice, and a product of human-behavior due to multiple enviroments
What are the most formative years of child development?
birth to age 3
When is the most aggresive age?
2
Mala in Se
acts considered immoral or wrong in themselves (murder)
common law
Mala Prohibita
infringe on others rights, not evil by nature
Physiological Theories
Criminals are morally insane and personality is developed in early childhood. Families are criminal and continue to produce generational crime
EX) Sociological and Learning theories
5 Basic Domains for Risk
Individual
Family
School
Peers
Community
Individual Risk Factors
early antisocial behavior, conduct disorders, being male, being black/hispanic
Family Risk Factors
single parent, divorced, blended, family violence, incarceration
Peer Risk Factors
how your peers percieve you weighs heavily, skipping school, gang involvement
School Risk Factors
lack of connection to teachers/staff, fighting with peers/adults, dropping out, suspension/explusion
Community Risk Factors
availability of drugs/alcohol, access to guns, safety concerns
Principles of Effective Intervention
Risk (who)
Need (criminogenic need)
Responsibility (how)
Protective Factors
healthy beliefs, effective parenting, standards and rules in school, pro-social, safe environment
Why are attitudes/values/beliefs important?
because if a child has a pro-criminal sentiment, nothing will change
