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HIST 113 > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

Power to the people

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2
Q

Was there pressure to reform the Atlantic world in the 18th century?

A

Yes; circulation of goods, people, and ideas caused this

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3
Q

Explain 2 revolutionary transformations of the 18th century

A
  1. Printing: cheap, so anyone could get news and books
  2. Technology: things like cables, steam ships, and the telegraph made life easier
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4
Q

What was a negative result of printed news being spread?

A

Propaganda: alters the truth to prove a political point

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5
Q

How long did the American Revolution last?

A

1775-1776

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6
Q

What “ideas” caused the American Revolution?

A

Enlightenment Ideas

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7
Q

Who was the King during the American Revolution?

A

King George 3rd

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8
Q

What was a reason colonists became unhappy with the King and wanted a revolution?

A

He was trying to force colonists to pay taxes to help pay for the French & Indian War, but the colonists had no political say

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9
Q

When did the colonists declare independence?

A

July 1776

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10
Q

What was the motto of the New American Government founded after the American Revolution?

A

“All men are created equal”

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11
Q

What document granted the United States’ freedom?

A

The Treaty of Paris (1783)

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12
Q

What group decided on delegates and how to create a new government after the American Revolution?

A

Constitutional Convention

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13
Q

What was written as documentation of the new American government?

A

The Constitution

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14
Q

Bill of Rights

A

First 10 amendments to the constitution

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15
Q

What were 2 big reasons for the French Revolution?

A

Debt due to Seven Years War and American Revolution

Crop Failure

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16
Q

What is the Estates General?

A

1st Class (clergy)
2nd Class (aristocrat)
3rd Class (everyone else)

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17
Q

Who called for a meeting of the Estates General?

A

Le Roi

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18
Q

Nation Assembly

A

The name 3rd class declared themselves during the French Revolution

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19
Q

French Independence Day (time and what happened)

A

July 14, 1789

Bastille was taken by the people of Paris

20
Q

Did the National Assembly abolish the 1st and 2nd class after the revolution?

A

yes

21
Q

What did the National Assembly publish as documentation of their freedom?

A

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

22
Q

What was published after the French Revolution as a way to argue for women to be included in freedom (written by whom)?

A

Declaration of Rights of Women and of the Female Citizen

by Olympe de Gouges

23
Q

What were a few things (4) that happened after the French Revolution?

A
  1. Revolutionary ranks began to break as people argued over the goals of the revolution
  2. New language and ways of thinking were installed (names of months, streets, etc.)
  3. Foreign armies found themselves on France’s soil in attempts to reinstall the Bourbon reign
  4. Louis XIV and Marie Antoinette were beheaded
24
Q

Jacobins

A

after the execution of Le Roi, the Jacobins took control and wanted to extend the Revolution beyond France

25
Q

How big was the Jacobin army?

A

around 800,000 soldiers

26
Q

What was considered the first modern army?

A

The Jacobin Army

27
Q

Who was the Jacobin’s leader?

A

Maximilien Robespierre

28
Q

What event did Maximilien Robespierre launch in order to purge the nation of its internal enemies?

A

Reign of Terror

29
Q

How did the Reign of Terror end (3 things)?

A
  1. Over 40,000 French people were guillotined
  2. Maximillien Robespierre was executed (July 28, 1794)
  3. The confusion led to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
30
Q

Napoleon takes power by _______.

A

Coup d’estat (stroke of state)

31
Q

What principles did Napoleon launch Europe into?

A

Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity

32
Q

Where did Napoleon go wrong?

A

He overextended his armies and ended up having to withdraw back to France after making enemies with the Russian and British armies

33
Q

What event was Napoleon’s final defeat (date)?

A

Waterloo (1815)

34
Q

Who was the leader of the Saint-Domingue (Haiti) Revolution?

A

Toussaint L’Ouverture

35
Q

Explain the reason for the Revolution of Saint-Domingue (Haiti)

A

The spreading principles of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity allowed the enslaved people of Saint-Domingue to demand freedom.
There were about 500,000 enslaved people wanting freedom.

36
Q

How did Saint-Domingue defeat the French armies (2 ways)?

A
  1. Yellow Fever
  2. Guerilla Warfare Fighters
37
Q

Who declared Haiti a free nation (and when)?

A

General Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared Haiti a free nation in 1804

38
Q

Explain the Portuguese/Brazil Revolution

A

When France invaded Portugal in 1807, the royal family fled to Brazil. There, the Portuguese King helped make reforms and he shared power with Brazilian planters (made allies). The Portuguese King left his son to rule Brazil and returned to rule over Portugal. The King’s son (Pedro) was able to declare Brazil as an independent nation in 1822 as well as make it a constitutional monarchy

39
Q

Explain how Mexico got its independence

A

Horrified creoles and peninsulares backed a royal army from Spain after 2 rural priests (Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla & Father Hose Maria Morelos) began an insurrection of peasants. This rebellion was not successful, but it damaged the Spanish rule over Mexico.
Mexican generals were able to declare Mexico an independent nation in 1821

40
Q

Name 2 places that had rebellions/revolutions to try to gain independence from Spanish rule (name their major leaders as well)

A
  1. Venezuela (Simon Bolivar)
  2. Argentina (General Jose de San Martin)
41
Q

Who began fighting for the abolition of the slave trade in the late 18th century?

A

Abolitionist led by Quakers

42
Q

Name 3 places that abolished slavery between 1800-1810

A
  1. Denmark (1803)
  2. Britain (1807)
  3. United States (1808)
43
Q

What did Africa begin trading after slavery was banned (for what reason)?

A

Vegetable oils for lubricating machinery, candle making, and palm oil (soap)

44
Q

Name 2 West African Merchants who experienced a rags to riches story after the abolition of the slave trade

A
  1. King Japa
  2. William Lewis
45
Q

Did any West African kingdoms suffer due to the abolition of the African slave trade?

A

Yes, kingdoms like Yoruba collapsed because they could no longer trade slaves for needed goods

46
Q

What were some trading staples (3) in the middle 19th century?

A

food, fibers, fuel

47
Q

What 4 factors contributed to the 19th century economic reordering?

A
  1. Free Trade
  2. Steam Ships & Locomotives
  3. Telegraph
  4. The Industrial Revolution

HIST 113 (1 decks)

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