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Animal Behavior > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Herbivores

A

Eat plants

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2
Q

Carnivores

A

Eat other animals

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3
Q

Omnivores

A

Eat both plants and animals

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4
Q

Detritivores

A

Scavengers that eat dead organic material

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5
Q

Morphology, physiology, and behavior are all…

A

Linked together with a feeding mode

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6
Q

The Optimal Foraging Theory…

A

is a null model to test against

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7
Q

What should be the aim of Evolution?

A

Maximizing the energy gained per unit of effort expended

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8
Q

Question #1 about cost vs benefit

A

How abundant are food items?

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9
Q

Question #2 about cost vs benefit

A

How abundant are better food items?

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10
Q

Question #3 about cost vs benefit

A

Is there risk of predation?

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11
Q

Question #4 about cost vs benefit

A

Is there risk of injury from prey item?

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12
Q

Question #5 about cost vs benefit

A

Is there risk of loss of food item to other predators?

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13
Q

Question #6 about cost vs benefit

A

How much energy is spent in finding/handling the food item?

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14
Q

Question #7 about cost vs benefit

A

How much time is spent finding/handling the food item?

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15
Q

Step 1 in the foraging outline

A

Search time - finding the food in the environment

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16
Q

Step 2 in the foraging outline

A

Handling time - Selection and capture of prey

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17
Q

Step 3 in the foraging outline

A

Consumption time - how long it takes to eat the food item

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18
Q

Step 4 in the foraging outline

A

Digestive time - How long it takes to process the food item internally

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19
Q

1 in recording in a field notebook

A

Date - day, month, year

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20
Q

2 in recording in a field notebook

A

Time - start to finish

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21
Q

3 in recording in a field notebook

A

Location - at the start/finish, distance traveled, path taken

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22
Q

5 in recording in a field notebook

A

Habitat characteristics - vegetation, soil, bottom type (in aquatic environments)

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23
Q

6 in recording in a field notebook

A

Weather

24
Q

7 in recording in a field notebook

A

Physical/Chemical factors - salinity, turbidity, pressure, oxygen content, current, pH

25
Q

8 in recording in a field notebook

A

Descriptions of behavior - empirical data vs functional data, spatial orientation, temporal orientation

26
Q

9 in recording in a field notebook

A

Any changes in methods

27
Q

10 in recording in a field notebook

A

Additional notes

28
Q

A catalog is…

A

A list of behaviors with descriptions

29
Q

An ethogram is…

A

A catalog that is close to a complete list of all behaviors

30
Q

Search time is affected by…

A

Abundance of food items, predictability of food patches

31
Q

Searches for food are usually directed by…

A

Cues

32
Q

Search cues include…

A

Sight, smell, electrical signals, and sounds

33
Q

Factors that influence handling time are…

A

Quality of the food item, quantity of the food item, and the risk associated with obtaining the food item.

34
Q

The selection process for detritivores includes…

A

Particle size, organic content, when to feed, and how long to feed.

35
Q

The selection process for predators includes…

A

scavenging opportunities, food item theft, actually catching the prey

36
Q

The selection process for herbivores includes…

A

Desired plant species, the desired parts of plants, chemical defenses of the plant, plant specialists.

37
Q

The capture process of detritivores includes…

A

Appendages, the spin structure, if they have the ability to move the environment (pumping water), and their position in the environment

38
Q

The capture process of predators includes…

A

The predation method (stalking, ambush, lure), position of prey and predator, and the killing strategy

39
Q

Predator hunting weapons include…

A

Claws, teeth, spurs, venom, structures, and tools.

40
Q

The capture process of herbivores includes…

A

Removal of fruit and seeds, removal of leaves and bark, clearing any cover on the plants (snow)

41
Q

Consumption time in detritivores is related to…

A

When particles are moved into the mouth

42
Q

Consumption time in predators is related to…

A

The timing of consumption, the location of the food item, and ingestion of the food item

43
Q

Consumption time in herbivores is related to…

A

When the food item is consumed, where the food item is consumed, and the ingestion of the food item

44
Q

Digestive time is…

A

The retention time of the food item, the manipulation of the food item, the location of the food item, and the activity level of the animal.

45
Q

Polyphenism

A

Multiple distinct outcomes in phenotype relative to an environment

46
Q

Possible reasons for switching behaviors include…

A

Predation, competition, and climate change

47
Q

Things to bring on an observation #1

A

Notebook - recording some kind of data

48
Q

Things to bring on an observation #2

A

Timing device - watch or a timer

49
Q

Things to bring on an observation #3

A

Audio recorder - record notes, record animal noises while the observation is underway, playback sounds for animals

50
Q

Things to bring on an observation #4

A

Photography - film, digital camera, video recorder

51
Q

Things to bring on an observation #5

A

Video - digital recordings

52
Q

Things to bring on an observation #6

A

Photo/Video - control of footage

53
Q

Things to bring on an observation #7

A

Computer - some way to enter/store data and model simulations

54
Q

Things to bring on an observation #8

A

GPS

55
Q

Things to bring on an observation #9

A

Tags

56
Q

Types of tags

A

Internal, external, or training

Animal Behavior (1 decks)

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