Exam 2

Question 1

How many years ago was the origin of agriculture

Answer 1

10 thousand

Question 2

What five places is agriculture theorized to have began

Answer 2

Fertile Crescent
Yangzi River 
Messo America
Eastern North America 
Papa New Ginni

Question 3

What % of pharm. drugs have an active plant ingredient

Answer 3

Around 25%

Question 4

What % of plants have actually been studied for their properties

Answer 4

Less than .5%

Question 5

Explain the ethnobotanical approach to drug discovery

Answer 5

Plants used in a traditional setting are most likely to show ethnobotanical activity

(Plants used by indigenous people for one thing are more likely to help with that thing)

Question 6

What are some advantages of using the ethnobotanical approach

Answer 6

Help protect the property rights of plants
Diversity in knowledge
Acknowledgment of indigenous knowledge

Question 7

What are some questions to ask a person about a plant they say could be used medically

Answer 7

How its applied like a tea or mashed
Are there other plants mixed in
Were it can be found
Ethical concerns about the plant 
Specifics about what it would help with
Concentrations you have to use
Side effects 
Etc.

Question 8

Give 3 specific examples of plants that have been made into pharm drugs, give plant, drug, and what its used for

Answer 8

Foxglove: Digitoxin: Heart Arrhythmias
Opium Poppy: Morphine: Pain reliever
Pacific Yew: Taxol: Chemo Treatment

Question 9

Define Zoobotany

Answer 9

Observing the usage of plants by animals

Question 10

Give 4 examples of zoobotany

Answer 10

Elephants going to a specific tree while pregnant to induce labor
Ethiopian baboons use a tree to de worm themselves
Wooly bear caterpillars eating hemlock leaves to save them from fly larva
Starlings using certain plants in their nests to keep mites out
Deer and cattle rolling in sphagnum moss
Cats and catnip

Question 11

Define ethnosphere

Answer 11

Collection of all the different cultures in the world were you can learn about plants, foods, culutre, medicines, etc.

Question 12

Define selective breeding

Answer 12

Breeding plants of similar species to obtain desired traits

Question 13

List 5 domesticated crops and were they came from

Answer 13

Maze - Messo American
Barley - Fertile Crescent
Rice - China
Squash - Central America
Water Chestnuts -  Eurasia

Question 14

How would you define desertification

Answer 14

Areas outside the desert turning arid and into desert because of humans

Question 15

Pro’s of GMO

Answer 15

Can be used to make meds
More food for cheaper 
More nutritious
Could end world hunger (they say)
More resistant to diseases

Question 16

Cons of GMO’s

Answer 16

Interaction with other fields causing cross contamination
Seed patenting
Playing god
Increased use of pesticides

Question 17

What can be done with native plants to help our environment

Answer 17

Landscaping with native plants to reduce the effects the urban and suburban sprawl has on habitat destruction and biodiversity

Question 18

Introduced species are

Answer 18

A species that has accidentally or purposefully been transferred from one location to another, were it did not occur naturally

Question 19

Invasive Species are

Answer 19

A species that is non native to the ecosystem under consideration and whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health

Prolific breeders
With no natural predators
They compete with native species fort resources
Destroys native species habitats