exam 2 Flashcards
what can happen if you amonia levels are too high?
cognitive and neurologic changes
what does infiltration in the chest mean?
spots of something within the chest
what are some areas in which infiltration can occur?
alveoli and airways
what are costophrenic angles?
where ribs meets the diaphragm; should be clear
what is cardiomegaly?
enlargement of the heart
what is atelectasis?
a collapsed aveoli; when air is not filling it
what is non-obstructed atelectasis?
when the pressure is coming from outside of the lung; compression, adhesive
what is obstructed atelectasis caused by?
mucous, cancer, etc.
what is a pulmonary edema?
pulmonary fluid in the alveoli
what can cause pulmonary edema?
- aspirated foods
- emesis
what are ways to detect aspiration?
water tests- 3 ounces
oxygen saturation tests
modified evans blue dye test
yale swallow protocol
step 1: exlusion criteria?
step 2: cognitive screen, oral mech, 3 oz water swallow
what is some of the exclusion criteria for the yale swallow protocol?
cannot do on someone whos NPO, modified diet, and tracheostomy tube
toronto bedside swallowing screening test
5 items identifying whether or not stroke pt. is at risk for dysphagia; have them drink water and sing “ah” in between, notice any vocal quality
MASA
ONLY VALIDATED ASSESSMENT! long page filled with cognitive screenings, oral motor control, CN assessment, 4 fingers on throat
FOIS
rating scale on how independent they are w swallowing
EAT 10
pt. assessment of their eating
TOMASS
number of discrete bites, masticatory cycles, swallows, total time
what are supplemental tests for CSE?
mini nutritional assessment reflux symptom index reflux disease questionnaire gastrointenstinal symptoms rating scale reflux questionnaire (ReQuest)
