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Criminal justice > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q 
All of the following are legitimate sources of probable cause except:
A. Personal observation
B. Reasonable suspicion
C. Evidence
D. Informants
A

B. Seasonable suspicion

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2
Q

Before a judge or magistrate will issue a search warrant lawn Forssman officers must provide all of the following except:
A. The dangerousness of the offender
B. Information showing probable cause of the crime has been or will be committed
C. Specific information on the premises to be searched
D. The suspects to be found the legal activities taking place on those premises and items to be seized.

A

A. The dangerousness of the offender

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3
Q 
The process through which a Police Officer is taught the values expected behaviors of the police subculture is called:
A. Assimilation
B. Acculturation
C. Socialization
D. Adaptation
A

C. Socialization

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4
Q

At the state level courts of _____ jurisdiction have no restrictions on the subject matter they may address.

A. International
B. Limited
C. Universal
D. General

A

D. General

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5
Q

Protection from unreasonable search and seizure is provided under:

A. The fourth amendment
B. The fifth amendment
C. The sixth amendment
D. The eighth amendment

A

A. Fourth amendment

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6
Q

Community policing began in around the______

A. 1940s
B. 1960s
C. 1980s
D. 2000s

A

B. 1960s

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7
Q

The “broken windows theory“ suggests that to decrease crime law enforcement agency sure to crack down on

A. Quality of life crimes
B. Violent crimes
C. Property crimes
D. Domestic violence

A

A. Quality of life crimes

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8
Q

Police began to use DNA “fingerprinting“ in the:

A. 1940s
B. 1960s
C. 1970s
D. 1990s

A

D. 1990s

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9
Q

The concept of reasonable force allows _____ Force when a reasonable person would assume that such force was necessary for the officer to carry out his or her legal duties

A. Deadly
B. Non-deadly
C. Aggressive
D. Unlimited

A

B. Non-deadly

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10
Q

Which of the following is not one of the base requirements for a career as a police officer?

A

Height

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11
Q

Which of the following is one of the investigative priorities of the Federal Bureau of investigation?

A. Terrorism
B. Counterfeiting
C. Protection of courts and judges
D. Illegal immigration

A

A. Terrorism

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12
Q

Which of the following is not an investigative responsibility of the FBI?

A. Federal drug offenses
B. Counterfeiting
C. Anti-terrorism
D. White collar crime

A

Probably C, anti-terrorism

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13
Q

Paperwork takes up nearly ____ percent of a patrol officers time

A

20%

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14
Q

Trial courts are concerned with _____

A

Questions of facts

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15
Q

During pre-trial activities a judge may handle all the following except:

A. Review probable cause for arrest
B. Review to determine if evidence to justify detention exists
C. Bail issues
D. Jury selection

A

B. Review to determine if evidence to justify detention exists

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16
Q

During pre-trial activities the judge assumes the role of

A. Referee
B. Teacher
C. Court administrator
D. Negotiator

A

D. Negotiator

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17
Q

In the publics mind, the primary role of the police is to

Enforce laws, provide service, prevent crime, reserve the piece

A

Enforce laws

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18
Q

Which of the following is not a ritual to indoctrinate officers into the police subculture:

A. Attending the police academy
B. Making the first felony arrest
C. Witnessing a traumatic incident for the first time
D. Been subject to disciplinary action for the first time

A

D.

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19
Q

When the state and federal governments have concurrent jurisdiction…

A. Both courts are obligated to prosecute the offender
B. The federal court must step aside and allow the state to prosecute the offender
C. The state court must step aside to allow the federal court prosecute the offender

D. Federal and state prosecutors will use their discretion to determine if one or both courts will prosecute

A

D.

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20
Q

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of community policing listed in the text?

A. Limiting the discretion of patrol officers
B. Proactive policing
C. Engage in the community
D. Recognition of crime control crime prevention and service provision functions of law-enforcement

A

 unknown, take a guess prob A

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21
Q

In the most controversial responsibility of the police involves:

A. Enforcing laws
B. Providing services
C. Preserving the peace
D. Preventing crime

A

D. Preventing crime

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22
Q

The establishment of a connection between a suspect and a crime often through the use of DNA evidence in the absence of an ongoing criminal investigation is called a

A

Cold hit

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23
Q

How long do federal judges serve?

A

Life

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24
Q

US marshals do not:

A. Provide security at federal courts
B. Control property has been seized by federal court order
C. Provide security at the US Capitol
D. Transport federal prisoners

A

C. Provide security of the US capital

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25
Q

Which federal circuit has jurisdiction over cases in which the US government is defendant?

A

The 13th

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26
Q

Which of the following is not a criterion for obtaining a Valid warrant for electronic surveillance?

A. Detail a specific time that the surveillance will be conducted
B. Show probable cause for specific crime has been or will be committed
C. Detail “with particularity” the conversations to be monitored
D. Name the suspects and locations that will be monitored

A

A. Detail the specific time that surrounds will be conducted

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27
Q

A policing approach that evaluates past crime patterns to predict future crime patterns is _____

A. Community policing
B. Proactive policing
C. Intelligence led policing
D. Problem oriented policing

A

C. Intelligence led policing

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28
Q

The Kansas City experiment show the decrease in random patrols…

A. Had little impact on crimes and overall effectiveness
B. Had a large impact on effectiveness
C. Significantly lowered reports of crime
D. Reduced calls for service to an all time low

A

A. Had a little impact on crimes and overall effectiveness

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29
Q

A scenario in which a police officer attempt to coerce money from a criminal is

A. Bribery
B. Gratuity
C. Mooching
D. A shakedown

A

D. Shakedown

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30
Q

Enforcement of the federal gun control act of 1968 is responsibility of

A

The ATF

31
Q

The primary factor that an officer should consider when determining how do use discretion is ________

A. The nature of the criminal act
B. The attitude of the wrongdoer
C. The relationship between the victim and the offender
D. Departmental policy

A

A. The nature of the criminal act

32
Q

All the following are examples of trace evidence except

A. Hairs
B. Fibers
C. Fingerprints
D. Ballistics

A

D. Ballistics

33
Q

Which of the following is not one of the three areas of American policing

A. The reform era
B. The metropolitan era
C. The political era
D. The community era

A

B. The metroPolitan era

34
Q

Courts crime control function emphasizes punishment and _____

A

Retribution

35
Q

Which member of the courtroom work group is responsible for the large amount of paperwork that was generated during trial

A. The court clerk
B. The judge
C. The court reporter
D. The prosecutor

A

A. The court clerk

36
Q

Miranda rights are required when a suspect

A. Is being arrested
B. Is being questioned
C. It’s been booked
D. Is in custody and being questioned

A

D. Is in custody and being questioned

37
Q

The support the FBI provides to other law-enforcement agencies comes in what form?

A. Database access
B. Crime lab services
C. Assistance in investigations
D. All of these are correct

A

D. All of these are correct

38
Q

The Wickersham Commission is associated with which era of policing?

A. Spoils
B. Turbulent 60s
C. Reform
D. Community policing

A

C. Reform

39
Q

The metroPolitan police act of 1829 created the first modern professional police force in which city?

A

London

40
Q

Female police officers often faced the problem of _____ on the job

A

Sexual harassment

41
Q

What court function is the medical model of criminal justice system related to?

A

Rehabilitation

42
Q

Protecting a person from self incrimination is provided under the

A

5th amendment

43
Q

Which of the following is a database containing DNA profiles?

CODIS, AFIS, IBIS, NCIC.

A

CODIS

44
Q

The ________exception to the exclusionary rule allows evidence to be admissible if an officer is unaware that a warrant technically invalid.

Good faith, probable cause, inevitable discovery, particularity

A

Good faith

45
Q

In which case did the United States Supreme Court set the limits for the use of deadly force by lawn Forssman officers?

A. Gaines vs Miller
B. Tennessee vs garner
C. Graham vs Connor
D. Rovario vs United States

A

B. Tennessee vs garner

46
Q

Double marginality

A

The situation in which minority law-enforcement officers face suspicion from both their white colleagues and from members of the minority community to which they belong

47
Q

Infrastructure

A

The services in facilities to support the day today needs a modern life such as electricity food and transportation and water

48
Q

Secondary policing

A

Off-duty officer making money on the side job

49
Q

Fusion Center

A

A collaborative effort between two or more agencies to prevent and respond to criminal in terrorist activities

50
Q

Bureaucracy means (hunt: organizational structure)

A

A hierarchically structured administrative organization that carries out specific functions

51
Q

Incident driven policing means…

A

A reactive approach to policing the emphasizes a speedy response to calls of service

52
Q

Computer aided dispatch acronym

A

(CAD)

53
Q

Differential response meaning

A

A strategy for answering calls for service in which response time is adapted to the seriousness of the call

54
Q

Reactive arrests meaning

A

Arrests that come about as part of a ordinary routine of patrol and response to calls for service

55
Q

Proactive arrest meaning

A

Arrests that occur because of concerted efforts by law enforcement agencies to respond to a particular type of criminal behavior

56
Q

Problem oriented policing

A

A policing philosophy that requires police to identify potential Criminal activity and develop strategies to prevent or respond to the activity

57
Q

Conducted energy devices acronym

A

(CEDs)

58
Q

Exclusionary rule meaning

A

A rule under which any evidence that is obtained in violation of the accused rights as well as any evidence derived from illegally obtained evidence will not be admissible in criminal court

59
Q

Searches incidental to arrests

A

Searches for weapons and other contraband based on the fact of arrest

60
Q

Appellate courts

A

Courts that review decisions made by lower courts such as trial courts also known as courts of appeals

61
Q

Problem-solving courts

A

Lower courts that have jurisdiction over one specific area of criminal activity such as illegal drugs or domestic violence

62
Q

Judicial review meaning

A

Essentially the powers that the Supreme Court has to pick any case for review for unconstitutional rulings

63
Q

Writ of certiorari (higher court asking for_____)

A

Record of the case

A request from a higher court asking lower court for the record of the case. In essence, the request signals to higher courts willingness to review the case

64
Q

Dissenting opinions

A

Separate opinions in which judges disagree with the conclusion reached by the majority of the court and expand on their own views about the case

65
Q

Concurring opinions

A

Separate opinions made by judges who supported the decision of the majority of the court but who want to make or clarify a particular point or to voice disapproval of the grounds on which the decision was made

66
Q

Docket

A

The list of cases

67
Q

Partisan elections

A

Elections in which the candidates are affiliated with and receive support from political parties

68
Q

Nonpartisan elections

A

Elections in which the candidates are presented on the ballot without any party affiliation

69
Q

What is the “Missouri plan“ in regards to judge selection?

A

A method of selecting judges combines appointment and election

70
Q

What is the “adversaries system” in regards to the relation between the defense and the prosecution?

A

A legal system in which the prosecution defense or opponents or adversaries instruct to “defeat“ each other in court

71
Q

United States vs Robinson ruling and meaning

A

“Searches incidental to arrests”

As long as the original arrest was based on probable cause, these searches are valid for two reasons, established by the Supreme Court in the United States vs Robinson case (1973)

72
Q

Katz Vs United States

A

The recognize standard for a “reasonable expectation of privacy“ was established in the Katz vs United States case (1967)

Phone booth case, supreme court said that the fourth amendment protected him

73
Q

Carroll vs United States (1925)

A

The Supreme Court ruled that law could distinguish among automobiles, homes, and persons in questions involving police searches

The court established that the fourth amendment does not require police to obtain a warrant to search automobiles or other movable vehicles when they have probable cause

74
Q

Chimel vs California (hint: opposite of Robinson vs United States)

A

This law limits the ability of the police officers when searching with only an ARREST warrant NOT a SEARCH warrant

Even though Chimel refuse the request to “look around“ the officer search the entire three bedroom apartment.

The court ruled that it was unreasonable. The search was unreasonable. Opposite of Robinson case,

Criminal justice (2 decks)

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