Exam 2 Flashcards
Which political party valued order over liberty and believed in rule by the elite?
Federalist
What did James Oglethorpe found?
Georgia
What was the Stono Rebellion?
A slave revolt in South Carolina
What were three consequences of the Great Awakening?
- Colonists began to question authority
- Church congregations split into two opposing belief systems (The Old Lights and The New Lights)
- Piety grew in individuals
In what year was the Stamp Act was ratified by the British parliament under King George III?
1765
Why did Americans criticize Jay’s Treaty?
Because they had felt that Jay’s Treaty favored Britain and didn’t do enough to benefit the North Americans
Who was the second president of the United States?
John Adams
Who was the first president of the United States?
George Washington
Who was the third president of the United States?
Thomas Jefferson
Who was the fourth president of the United States?
James Madison
Under the Articles of Confederation, What was the government authorized to do?
The government could:
- Declare war
- Negotiate peace
- Resolve disputes between states
True or False: By 1770, the colonial economy had grown by a factor of 10.
True. (Gross National Product increased from 4% to 40%)
What were three of the Coercive Acts?
- The Port of Boston was closed down
- A military government was installed
- Town meetings were suspended
What year did the French & Indian War start?
1754
Who was the 1st secretary of the treasury?
Alexander Hamilton
True or False: The Sugar Act lowered taxes on sugar
True
What was the New York Suspension Act of 1767?
The New York Suspension Act of 1767 suspended the right of New York residents from holding assembly
Why did Britain pass the New York Suspension Act of 1767?
New York colonists refused to provide or purchase housing for (quarter) British soldiers
What was the Declaratory Act?
This 1766 law allotted Parliament the power to make laws for the colonies
What was the Olive Branch petition?
The Second Continental Congress drafted the Olive Branch Petition to negotiate the end of war in July of 1775 which King George refused
What did Thomas Jefferson & Alexander Hamilton disagree on?
In 1791, Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton disagreed on the creation of the 1st US national Bank
What was the Quasi War?
The Quasi War was an unofficial naval war that the United States & France fought in against one another from 1798-1800. It was dubbed the name “Quasi War” since neither France nor North America officially declared war on the other country and the war lasted only two years
What did the Colonists hope would result from winning the French & Indian War?
It would enable them to expand their territory
What year did the British close the port of Boston?
1774
True or False: In the early 18th century, colonial assemblies were well organized, active, and effective
False
What was one thing that Jay’s Treaty accomplished that favored North American Colonists?
British Troops finally unoccupied the western forts that they promised they would vacate a year prior
What were five preachers that were prominent during the Great Awakening?
George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Gilbert Tennent, Jonathan Dickinson, and Samuel Davies were all prominent preachers during the Great Awakening
When was the Constitution ratified?
The constitution was ratified on September 17th, 1787
In what year was the Bill of Rights ratified?
1791
Indebted Massachusetts farmers closed courts during what event?
Shay’s Rebellion
What did the Virginia Resolves state?
The Virginia Resolves stated that only Virginians could tax Virginians
Define Republicanism
Republicanism outlines the idea that political power should come from the consent of the governed
What were two growing colonial industries during the 18th Century?
Iron works and Shipbuilding Industries
The final battle of the American Revolution occurred in what year?
1781
What ended the American Revolution?
The Treaty of Paris signed on September 3rd, in 1783, by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States ended the Revolutionary War
What did the Townshend Duties tax?
Lead, glass, tea, paint, and paper were all items that were taxed by the Townshend Duties Tax
Indians were left unhappy with British rule following the French and Indian war which resulted in what event?
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Who were Regulators?
North Carolinian backcountry radicalistic farmers protesting that their government was unfair were known as Regulators
What is a foreign policy of Thomas Jefferson’s that failed?
The Embargo of 1807
What was the act that prevented any expansion beyond the Allegheny Mountains?
The Proclamation Line of 1763
Which faction opposed a new Constitution?
Anti-federalists
What did the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions do?
The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions declared that states could decide the constitutionality of federal laws
True or False: Many Slaves and Indians supported the British during the American Revolution
True
What legislation was the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions created to target?
After numerous protests occurred in opposition of the Sedition Acts of 1798, The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were formed
In what year did Britain send troops into Boston?
1768
Since 1215, British subjects had what two main values?
British Subjects valued being tried by a jury of their peers and that they should only be taxed with representation
What banned slavery in the territory north of the Ohio river?
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
What treaty ended the French and Indian war?
The 1763 Treaty of Paris
What imposed harsh penalties for writing, speaking or printing malicious things about the government?
The Alien and Sedition Act, signed by John Adams, outlawed conspiracies to prevent enforcing federal laws and also outlawed any form of attack against the government
What foreign policy advice did George Washington give in his Farewell Address?
George Washington recommended that long term alliances between the United States and other foreign countries be avoided
Who deserves credit for the British winning the French and Indian War?
William Pitt
What is another name for the French and Indian War?
The Seven Years’ War
According to John Locke, what should governments do?
John Locke believed that the governed would sacrifice some of their liberties so that the government would abide by the will of the majority and protect citizens’ natural rights. (This is known as natural law and evolved into what is known today as popular sovereignty)
Approximately how many colonial men could vote?
75%
Approximately, how many British men could vote?
33%
What is Actual Representation?
Actual representation is the political representation of a group that voted for those specific individuals to represent them.
What is Virtual Representation?
Virtual representation was the idea that members of Parliament reserved the right to speak for the interests of all British subjects
Who was placed on trial in 1738 for what he printed in his newspaper?
John Zenger
When and where did the Whiskey rebellion take place?
The Whiskey Rebellion took place in Pennsylvania from 1791 to 1794
What did the colonists want to occur as a result of the War of 1812?
The colonists wanted to gain Florida territory, gain the Canada boundary, frontier peace, gain fishing rights, and expand trading
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison belonged to which political party?
Democratic-Republicans
Why did the 1st Continental Congress meet?
The First Continental Congress met to discuss the rights of citizens
What strain of thought wanted to decrease the power of the monarchy and increase the power of Parliament?
The Whig Party or Commonwealth
What three plans were discussed at the Constitutional Convention?
- The New Jersey Plan
- The Virginia Plan
- The Connecticut Plan
What failed to stop Britain from impressing sailors?
The Embargo of 1807
In what year was the Tea Act passed by Parliament?
It was passed by Parliament in 1773
Indians lost much of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan in return for a yearly payment in what treaty?
The 1795 Treaty of Greenville
In what year did New York Tenants revolt?
1766
What does the XYZ Affair refer to?
The XYZ Affair refers to John Adams failed attempts in 1798 to bribe the French minister and the redacted names of agents sent to negotiate renamed agents X, Y, and Z
What led Critics to believe that Thomas Jefferson exceeded his power of presidency?
The Louisiana Purchase
What is the name of the proposal in which the colonies create a collective defense against the French & Indians?
The Albany Plan
What did the Prohibitory Act do?
The Prohibitory Act stopped trade between Britain and the colonies in 1776
True or False: By 1775 colonies produced more iron than Britain
True
When did the American Revolution start?
April 19th, 1775
Alexander Hamilton & John Adams belonged to which political party?
Federalist
What was the philosophical movement that advocated universal natural rights?
The Enlightenment
True or False: The Embargo Act caused an 80% drop in exports and 60% drop in imports
True
What created a limited federal court system?
The Judiciary Act of 1789
How did colonists protest the Townshend Acts?
They elected to boycott all British goods by refusing to import and consume British products
What was the Chesapeake Affair?
A British Warship fired on an American frigate off Hampton Roads and demanded that all sailors that deserted their posts return
What did the Quebec Act of 1774 do?
The Quebec Act of 1774 extended Quebec’s boundaries into Ohio Country. It allowed Parliament to tax citizens. It even continued France’s civil government. It also tolerated Catholics.
What was a reason why the Townshend Acts disturbed colonists so much?
The duties used to pay salaries of royal officials such as governors and judges but now financially supported the British Monarchy
Why did colonists object to Admiralty Courts?
The colonists objected to admiralty courts because they weren’t heard by a jury but instead by less lenient royal judges appointed by the crown
George Washington’s refusal to share documents regarding Jay’s treaty established what precedent?
Executive Privilege
True or False: After 1706, all laws made in any colony that impacted royal power or private property had to receive the approval from the Board of Trade
True
What ended the War of 1812?
The 1814 Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812
True or False: By the mid 18th century, 80% or more of the ships sailing from Philadelphia and ports to the north were owned by colonists
True
What factors caused the Consumer Revolution?
Cheaper manufactured goods and easy credit were two main factors that led to the Consumer Revolution
True or False: Economic growth, expanded trade, and concern for defense made colonists more concerned about political matters at the colonial level
True
What is a positive impact of the Embargo of 1807?
Cotton mills increased in popularity and the number of cotton mills increased in number from 15 to 87 as a direct result of Thomas Jefferson’s Embargo of 1807
Who proposed independence in June 1776?
Henry Lee
What did George Washington use the Whiskey Rebellion to argue?
George Washington used the Whiskey Rebellion to argue that the best policy to change laws is to use the system, not violence
What do the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening both have in common?
The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening both encouraged the resistance of authority and praised individualism
Who is considered to be the “Father of our Constitution?”
James Madison
What did the War of 1812 achieve?
The war of 1812 achieved an influx in Nationalism, Patriotism, and it further established an irrefutable sense of independence for the Colonists
What are four examples of colonial cooperation between 1763 and 1775?
- The Committees of Correspondence
- The Stamp Act Congress
- The agreement to boycott all British goods
- The Continental Congress
In what year did the United States end the international slave trade?
1808
Who toured the colonies in 1739 and 1740 delivering sermons?
George Whitefield
What are the three models of Republicanism?
- Historical Republicanism
- Economic Republicanism
- Egalitarian Republicanism
What battle ended in 1771, in which disgruntled farmers that took up arms were defeated by a militia equipped by Governor William Tyron?
The Battle of Alamance
