Exam 2 Flashcards

Question

Cognitive function in late adulthood

Answer 1

Aspects of cognition decline | But many stay stable or increase

Answer 2

8-9 months | Peaks 13-15 months

Answer 3

Early appearing and largely genetic Three major styles Easy 40% Difficult 10 Slow to warm up 15 10% of children may be behaviorally inhibited

Answer 4

Emotional connection we share with these to whom we feel closest Imprinting and possible sensitive/critical period for healthy interpersonal relationships

Answer 5

Behaviorist assumed children bonded with those that provided them nourishment Harry hallows work with rhesus mo keg showed otherwise Physical contact played a huge role in developing attachment

Answer 6

Refers to hoe infants react when separated from primary caregiver strange situation task Four categories of behviour Secure attachment 60% Sad when mom leaves then joy when she comes back Insecure avoidant 15-20% Not too sad when mom leaves not really joyful when returns Insecure anxious 15-20% Panics when mom leaves, mixed emotions on return Disorganized 5-10% Confused set of responses

Answer 7

Permissive Tend to be lenient, little discipline, very affectionate Authoritarian Very strict, punishing, little affection Authoritative Supportive, but set clear and firm limits Uninvolved Neglectful, ignoring

Answer 8

Authoritive parents show the best social and emotional adjustment and lowest levels of behavior problems Her findings may not hold up well outside of Caucasian middle class of North American families

Answer 9

Fathers differ from mothers in several ways Spend less time with babies More time In physical play

Answer 10

No difference from opposite sex couples in social adjustment academics or sexual orientation

Answer 11

Feeling that their gender identity or gender expression fall outside the traditional male female binary May identify as male and female or either

Answer 12

``` Infancy Toddlerhood Early childhood Middle childhood Adolescence Young adulthood Adulthood aging ```

Answer 13

18-25 years old | Emotional develop,met, identity

Answer 14

Process of struggling with which type of identity fits bests

Answer 15

Preconvemtiomal Focus on punishment and rewards Conventional Focus on societal values Postconventional Internal moral principles

Answer 16

Tension, discomfort, physical symptoms that arise when a stressor strains our ability to cope

Answer 17

Stress as stimuli Stress as transaction Stress as response

Answer 18

Minor annoyance that strain our ability to cope

Answer 19

Of how a persons behavior thought and feelings are influenced by the real imagined or implied presence of others

Answer 20

Social influence Ways of behavior can be affected by other people Social cognition How people think about other people and how cognitions influence behaviors towards others Social interaction Positive and negative aspects of people relating to others Social systems How larger systems are created and maintained to influence behaviorist

Answer 21

Need to belong Theory and biologically based need for interpersonal connections Hurts us to be isolated or rejected Most social influences processes are adaptive under most circumstances Social influences should be evaluated critically

Answer 22

We seek to evaluate our abilities and beliefs by comparing them with those of others Upward Superior Downward Inferior Both can boost our self concept

Answer 23

When a situation is ambiguous and we’re not sure what to do we often look to others for cues Social behavior is often contagious

Answer 24

Many people simultaneously becoming convinced of a persistent false belief despite indisputable false belief despite indisputable evidence to the contrary

Answer 25

Contagious outbreak of irrational behavior that spreads

Answer 26

Another example of social contagions

Answer 27

Attributions are assigning causes to Behavioir Associated with cultural factors Chinese less likely committed to this error

Answer 28

Tendency to alter our behavior as a result of a group pressure Demonstrated by solomons aschs experiment in 1950 Unanimity Increased conformity Lower comformkty if only one other person differed from the majority

Answer 29

Low self esteem are more likely to conform Asian culture more likely to conform No gender differences

Answer 30

Tendency to engage in atypical Behaviour when stripped of your usual idenitity More vaulter able to social influence

Answer 31

Recruited normal young men for a two week psychological study of prison life Randomly assigned them to either guard or prisoner

Answer 32

Emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking Certain Symptoms make it more likely to occur

Answer 33

Groups that exhibit intense and unquestioning devotion to a single cause ``` Promote groupthink in four major ways Have persuasive leader Disconnect members from outside world Discourage questioning of assumptions Gradually indoctrinate members ```

Answer 34

Adherence to orders from those of higher authority

Answer 35

Student of aschs who wanted to know how the Holocaust could have occurred Designed experiment to test the influence of obedience and authority on normal people

Answer 36

Voluntary subjects were taken to lab and introduced to a fellow volunteer and a researcher Teachers were suppose to shock learners when they did not repeat the words right

Answer 37

Behavior is behavior intended to help others

Answer 38

Includes aggressive acts Humans display both and situational factors can influence

Answer 39

People see sometime in need but fail to help them

Answer 40

Slack off in groups | Due partly to diffusion of responsibility and influenced by cultural factors

Answer 41

Helping others for unselfish reasons Extraverter people are more prime to help

Answer 42

Behavior intended to harm others

Answer 43

Personality influence aggression | Cultural

Answer 44

Conclusion regarding factual evidence

Answer 45

Belief that included a emotional part

Answer 46

Recognition heuristic Personally treats Political views Religiosity

Answer 47

Unpleasant state of tension between two opposing thoughts

Answer 48

Proposes that we acquire our attitudes by observing our behavior

Answer 49

Proposes that we don’t change our attitudes but report that we have for consistency

Answer 50

Dual processes mode Two pathways to persuading others Central Focuses on info content Peripheral Surface aspects of the argument

Answer 51

Foot in the door Small request and moves to a larger one Door in the face Starts big then backs off Low ball Starts with low price then adds on

Answer 52

Drawing negative conclusions prior to evaluating the evidence

Answer 53

Attributing negative behavior of some group entirely tomtheir disposition

Answer 54

Fav out those within group

Answer 55

View people outside of the group similar

Answer 56

The act of treating members of out groups differently from members of kn groups

Answer 57

Scapegoat hypothesis Arises from need to blame other groups for our misfortunes Just world hypothesis Implies that we have a need to see the world as fair Conformity Going along with others opinions

Answer 58

Encouraging people to work towards common goals