Exam 2

Question 1

Define sharpness

Answer 1

The dimensions of the partially shaded outer region or the penumbra of an object.
The wider the penumbra the less sharp the image

Question 2

Long-Scale contrast

Answer 2

Low-contrast image, revealing more shades of grey. Produced with a higher kilovoltage setting.

Question 3

Short-Scale contrast

Answer 3

High-contrast image, revealing less shades of grey. Produced with less kilovoltage setting.

Question 4

Density

Answer 4

The degree of darkening or blackening of a radiographic image. A radiographic image that appears dark has more density.

Question 5

How do image receptor holders function?

Answer 5

Positioner used to stabilize an intraoral film packet, digital sensor, or phosphor plate in the oral cavity during exposure

Question 6

How can you adjust how image receptor holders work with a cotton roll?

Answer 6

Cotton roll may be placed on the opposite side of the biteblock to provide stabilization and add to patient comfort

Question 7

How does the clinician prepare to take radiographs on the patient?

Question 8

What do you ask the patient to do or not to do for successful radiographs?

Answer 8

Remove any objects from the mouth that would interfere with procedure. (removable devices, dentures, piercings, etc) Remove eyeglasses. Ask patient to sit in an upright position.

Question 9

What are BWX used for?

Answer 9

Detecting caries on proximal surfaces and assessing periodontal bone levels

Question 10

What are the series of BWXS available?

Answer 10

May be taken as a standalone series, in conjunction with a full mouth series of PAs, or with extraoral panoramic radiograph

Question 11

What file/sensor sizes and image holders are used with BWX?

Answer 11

For children a size 0 or 1 is used. For most adults a size 2 is used. (2 on each side)
Red Rinn
Vertical and horizontal

Question 12

Where are BWX placed for viewing teeth of interest?

Answer 12

Slightly angled to take advantage of the height of the midline of the tooth.
+10 degrees

Question 13

What are BWX not generally used for when it comes to caries diagnosis?

Answer 13

Will not reveal apical conditions

Question 14

When normal anatomy is captured on an intraoral radiograph, what effects how much or how little is viewed?

Answer 14

Placement of the image receptor, patient position, and angle of the xray beam.

Question 15

What are the normal anatomy that can be seen on the maxillary intra oral radiographs?

Answer 15

Incisive foramen, median palatine suture, nasal fossa, nasal septum, anterior nasal spine, inverted Y, lateral fossa, maxillary sinus, zygomatic process of maxilla, zygoma, maxillary tuberosity, hamulus, coronoid process of the mandible

Question 16

What anatomical structures will appear radiopaque and radiolucent?

Answer 16

Radiopaque: Dense. (bone, ridges, spine, or tubercle)
Radiolucent: Less Dense (foramen, canal, or suture)

Question 17

What normal anatomy can be seen on a mandibular intraoral radiograph?

Answer 17

Lingual foramen, genial tubercles, nutrient canal, mental ridge, mental fossa, mental foramen, mandibular canal, oblique ridge, mylohyoid ridge, submandibular fossa.

Question 18

What other anatomy can be seen in a panographic radiograph that are not fully contained within the skull?

Answer 18

Cervical vertebra of the spine and hyoid bone

Question 19

What anatomy can be viewed in a panographic

Question 20

What are the basics of how the caries process works?

Answer 20

The tooth structure becomes more demineralized. Meaning more xrays can pass through and darken the image. (radiolucent)

Question 21

When we see caries how much of the enamel is lost. What minerals are lost?

Answer 21

40-50% of calcium and phosphorus.