Exam 2 Flashcards
examples of short bones
Tarsals and Carpals
articular cartilage
smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints
costal cartilage
bars of hyaline cartilage which serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute very materially to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax.
Major bone of the skull
temporal, parietal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid and ethmoid bones.
Growth plate has another name, what is it?
physes or epiphyseal plates
What bones make up the hard palate?
The hard palate is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone. It forms a partition between the nasal passages and the mouth.
ribs
Ribs are bones that protect the major organs of vertebrates, and form a cage which itself is connected to the vertebral column and the sternum. The ribs are also attached to the intercostal muscles which are associated with breathing.
lockjaw
Tetanus is an infection caused by bacteria called Clostridium tetani. When the bacteria invade the body, they produce a poison (toxin) that causes painful muscle contractions. Another name for tetanus is “lockjaw”. It often causes a person’s neck and jaw muscles to lock, making it hard to open the mouth or swallow.
Func. of muscles
The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers. Their predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement. Nearly all movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction.
coxal bones
The coxal bone (hip bone, pelvic bone) is a large, flattened, irregularly shaped bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below. It meets its fellow on the opposite side in the middle line in front, and together they form the sides and anterior wall of the pelvic cavity.
Calcaneus
The calcaneus (heel bone) is the largest of the tarsal bones in the foot. It lies at the back of the foot (hindfoot) below the three bones that make up the ankle joint. These three bones are the: Tibia — shinbone.
Visceral muscle
Visceral, or smooth, muscle is found inside organs such as the stomach and intestines, as well as in blood vessels. … Because visceral muscle is controlled by the unconscious part of the brain, it is known as involuntary muscle, as it cannot be controlled by the conscious mind.
fascia
Fascia is a thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place. The tissue does more than provide internal structure; fascia has nerves that make it almost as sensitive as skin.
epimysium
is the fibrous tissue envelope that surrounds skeletal muscle. It is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle and protects muscles from friction against other muscles and bones.
endomysium
Endomysium is the relatively thin reticular connective tissue layer that surrounds individual muscle cells.
perimysium
the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers.
Torticollis
also known as wryneck, is a twisting of the neck that causes the head to rotate and tilt at an odd angle.
What is the term when you bring your jaw back
Retrognathia is when the lower jaw (mandible) is set back from the upper jaw (maxilla).
Heart muscle cells, what’s the term for that connection?
Intercalated discs are small connections that join cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) to each other.
Heart muscle cells have another name, what is it?
Cardiac muscle
Peristalsis, what is that
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. It starts in the esophagus where strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle move balls of swallowed food to the stomach. … The motion mixes and shifts the chyme back and forth.
What muscle fatigue
Muscle fatigue is defined as a decrease in maximal force or power production in response to contractile activity.
anemia
Anemia is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body’s tissues.
erythropoiesis
the production of red blood cells.
hematopenia
An obsolete, nonspecific term for a decrease in blood element
leukopenia
a reduction in the number of white cells in the blood, typical of various diseases.
Avg. lifespan of red blood cell
120 days
collagen
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, found in the bones, muscles, skin, and tendons. It is the substance that holds the body together. Collagen forms a scaffold to provide strength and structure.
hemoglobin
an iron-rich protein found in red blood cells that gives red blood cells their unique red color. It is primarily responsible for carrying oxygen from your lungs to the rest of the cells in the tissues and organs of your body.
albumin
Albumin is a protein that is produced in the liver. Albumin enters the bloodstream where it helps carry vitamins, enzymes, and other important substances. Albumin also helps prevent fluids from leaking out of the bloodstream.
Lipo proteins
biochemical assembly whose primary function is to transport hydrophobic lipid molecules in water, as in blood plasma or other extracellular fluids.
biology
the scientific study of life
Aplastic
without growth
what gases are found in the blood
Your red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout your body. These are known as blood gases. As blood passes through your lungs, oxygen flows into the blood while carbon dioxide flows out of the blood into the lungs.
microcytic (small cells)
red blood cells in a peripheral blood smear and is usually characterized by a low MCV
iron deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency is a common cause of too few healthy red blood cells in the body (anemia).
megaloblastic
big immature cells
Which white blood cells are granulocytes?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are granulocytes.
What is leukemia
A cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body’s ability to fight infection.
Idiopathic
relating to or denoting any disease or condition which arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown.
hemophilia
Hemophilia is usually an inherited bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. This can lead to spontaneous bleeding as well as bleeding following injuries or surgery. Blood contains many proteins called clotting factors that can help to stop bleeding.
leukopenia
a reduction in the number of white cells in the blood, typical of various diseases.
thrombocytopenia
A low number of platelets in the blood
mellitus
sweet, too much sugar
insipidus
too much water, tasteless
Oxytocin
has been best known for its roles in female reproduction. It is released in large amounts during labor, and after stimulation of the nipples. It is a facilitator for childbirth and breastfeeding.
ADH
is a hormone that helps regulate water balance in the body by controlling the amount of water the kidneys reabsorb while they are filtering wastes out of the blood. This test measures the amount of ADH in the blood.
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone. A TSH test is a blood test that measures this hormone. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located near your throat. Your thyroid makes hormones that regulate the way your body uses energy
What does Parathyroid do
Parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone, which plays a key role in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood. Precise calcium levels are important in the human body, since small changes can cause muscle and nerve problems.
cortisol
Steroid
It can treat inflammation.
Acromegaly
rare condition where the body produces too much growth hormone, causing body tissues and bones to grow more quickly.
cretinism
a condition characterized by physical deformity and learning disabilities that is caused by congenital thyroid deficiency
what bone do you find in sellaturisca?
sphenoid bone
